相關的檢測數據表明：對于同一套UPS供電系統而言，不管它是工作在市電供電條件下、還是工作在發電機供電的條件下，它不僅具有幾乎相同的CosΦ,輸入功率因數PF, 輸入諧波電流絕對值。而且，還具有非常近似的輸入電流諧波的頻譜分佈曲線。發電機電源的高內阻是造成UPS供電系統的輸入電壓失真度增大的主要原因, 它極易導致電力穩壓器及發電機的自動調壓系統發生”誤動作”/”誤調操作”。
為此，過去為UPS業界所(suo)經常(chang)釆用的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)措施是：利用增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)發電機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出功率同UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出功率的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量比的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)來改善發電機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶載特性(xing)(其實質是通過增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)發電機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)來降低發電機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內阻),從(cong)而導(dao)致(zhi)投資成(cheng)本增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)。

通過適(shi)當地”錯開”兩臺電力穩(wen)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)”開機(ji)啟動浪涌(yong)電流(liu)”的(de)(de)發生(sheng)時間(jian)及(ji)適(shi)當地調低電力穩(wen)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)穩(wen)壓(ya)精度，就能(neng)用1臺150KVA發電機(ji)來驅(qu)動由兩臺100KVA電力穩(wen)壓(ya)器+80KVA“1+1”UPS并機(ji)系統(tong)所組成的(de)(de)UPS供(gong)電系統(tong), 從而達到節約(yue)投資(zi)和運行(xing)成本(ben)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

1、利(li)用(yong)發電機電源(yuan)來(lai)驅(qu)動80KVA”1+1”UPS并機系統時、所釆用(yong)的技術(shu)改進(jin)措施

在(zai)(zai)民航的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)管系(xi)(xi)統用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)、為使(shi)得(de)UPS并(bing)機(ji)系(xi)(xi)統能適應輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)動范圍大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)條件(jian)(jian)，需要在(zai)(zai)備用(yong)(yong)(yong)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與UPS供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統之間增配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器（見圖1）。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統而言，處于(yu)”串聯工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態”中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器不(bu)會對(dui)(dui)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)特(te)性產生(sheng)任何實(shi)質性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。根(gen)據過去所(suo)獲得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)場測試(shi)數據、可以(yi)發現(xian)(xian)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器與UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)僅具(ju)有(you)非常(chang)相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形和基本相(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)特(te)性參數(例如(ru)：CosΦ、功率(lv)因數PF、輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)峰值(zhi)比KF電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)、輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)峰值(zhi)比CF電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分量THDI和輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分量THDV等參數)。而且(qie)，它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)譜分佈(bu)曲線也具(ju)有(you)非常(chang)相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化規(gui)律。根(gen)據前期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)市(shi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件(jian)(jian)下對(dui)(dui)由(you)(you)110KVA發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)+兩(liang)(liang)臺(tai)100KV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器+兩(liang)(liang)臺(tai)6脈(mo)沖型80KVA”1+1”UPS冗(rong)余(yu)并(bing)機(ji)系(xi)(xi)統所(suo)獲得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)結果，可以(yi)推(tui)斷出：能對(dui)(dui)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全運行造成”最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛在(zai)(zai)威(wei)脅”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禍根(gen)是(shi)(shi)來自由(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)臺(tai)100KVA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器所(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)極(ji)(ji)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”開(kai)機(ji)啟動”浪(lang)涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),而不(bu)是(shi)(shi)來自由(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)臺(tai)80KVA 6脈(mo)沖型UPS所(suo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)”緩啟動爬升”調(diao)制特(te)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙極(ji)(ji)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)及其(qi)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)數據顯(xian)示，所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出功率(lv)應該大于(yu)145KVA。

為確保由電力穩壓(ya)器+”1+1”UPS并機(ji)系統(tong)所組成(cheng)的(de)供電系統(tong)、在(zai)發電機(ji)供電的(de)條件下，也(ye)能安全和可(ke)靠地工作，需要對(dui)這套UPS供電系統(tong)執(zhi)行如下的(de)技術改進：

（a） 將原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)輸出功率為(wei)110KVA的(de)備用發(fa)電(dian)機組(zu)調換為(wei)150KVA的(de)備用發(fa)電(dian)機(常行(xing)功率);

（b） 考慮到(dao)：因發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)被投(tou)入到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入端上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時刻(ke)、可(ke)能出(chu)現在(zai)(zai)具(ju)有正弦(xian)波形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”不同相位點上(shang)”，并進而導致(zhi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”開(kai)機啟動(dong)(dong)浪(lang)(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會發(fa)生較(jiao)大(da)差異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作特性(其變化規律是(shi)：當(dang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時刻(ke)出(chu)現在(zai)(zai)正弦(xian)波的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)峰值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)時、它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入啟動(dong)(dong)浪(lang)(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為最(zui)小值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。當(dang)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時刻(ke)出(chu)現在(zai)(zai)正弦(xian)波的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)”過零奌(dian)”處(chu)時、其啟動(dong)(dong)浪(lang)(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為最(zui)大(da)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))。鑒于在(zai)(zai)過去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試中、在(zai)(zai)兩臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入端上(shang)所曾經記錄到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)”開(kai)機啟動(dong)(dong)浪(lang)(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)”是(shi)一串幅(fu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為220A左右(you)，持續時間較(jiao)長達到(dao)0.2秒左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單極性衰減(jian)波形。為改善發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行環境,盡可(ke)能地降(jiang)低由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”開(kai)機啟動(dong)(dong)浪(lang)(lang)涌(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)” 所可(ke)能帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不利影響(xiang)。建(jian)議相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)廠家：將兩臺穩(wen)(wen)(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”開(kai)機啟動(dong)(dong)時間”錯開(kai)3秒左右(you)。

（c） 為改善發電機的運(yun)(yun)行條(tiao)件(jian)，建議相(xiang)應的UPS廠家：對80KVA”1+1”UPS并機系(xi)統進行”再調整”，以便盡量(liang)地減(jian)小兩臺UPS之間(jian)的輸(shu)(shu)入電流(liu)和輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電流(liu)的均(jun)流(liu)”不平(ping)衡(heng)度”(通常(chang)的期望(wang)值(zhi) 5%)及它們(men)之間(jian)的”環(huan)流(liu)”,從而提高UPS并機系(xi)統運(yun)(yun)行的可靠(kao)性(xing)的目的。

圖1:1+1型(xing)冗余并機(ji)ＵＰＳ供電(dian)系統（6脈沖型(xing)ＵＰＳ）

2、對由發電(dian)(dian)機、電(dian)(dian)力穩壓器(qi)和UPS冗余(yu)并機供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統所(suo)組成的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系

統所執(zhi)行的”系統匹(pi)配性(xing)”的調控操作

在對如圖1所(suo)(suo)示的(de)(de)(de)由(you)發電(dian)機、電(dian)力穩(wen)壓器和UPS并機供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)所(suo)(suo)組成的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)所(suo)(suo)執行的(de)(de)(de)”系(xi)統(tong)匹配性”的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)控操作(zuo)時，曾先(xian)后進行過如下調(diao)整步驟、才最終使得(de)這(zhe)套UPS供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)進入穩(wen)定、可靠的(de)(de)(de)運行工作(zuo)狀態之下：

（a） 當(dang)150KVA的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)被(bei)開(kai)機(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)、并等(deng)待它進入穩(wen)定工作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)之后(hou)，在(zai)(zai)對(dui)這套UPS供(gong)電(dian)系統的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入端、執行市電(dian)供(gong)轉入發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)切換操(cao)作時(shi)，卻出(chu)現(xian)了(le)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)音”異常(chang)”、電(dian)力穩(wen)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)不穩(wen)，并頻(pin)繁地調節其輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)不正常(chang)工作現(xian)象(注：此時(shi)發現(xian)：位(wei)于伺服調控型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力穩(wen)壓(ya)器(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)碳刷進入頻(pin)繁的(de)(de)(de)” 不停(ting)的(de)(de)(de)上、下移動(dong)”的(de)(de)(de)”誤調”工作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)之中(zhong))。在(zai)(zai)此條件下，位(wei)于6脈(mo)沖(chong)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)80KVA”1+1”UPS并機(ji)(ji)系統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)1臺UPS的(de)(de)(de)逆變器(qi)因輸(shu)(shu)入電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)和頻(pin)率的(de)(de)(de)”嚴重不穩(wen)”而進入”自動(dong)關(guan)機(ji)(ji)”狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。

（b） 此(ci)時，將電(dian)力穩壓(ya)器從這套UPS供(gong)電(dian)系統中脫離(li)出來,并直(zhi)接用150KVA 的(de)發電(dian)機來直(zhi)接驅動”1+1”UPS并機系統。運行結果表明：工作基本正常。

對于這(zhe)(zhe)臺150KVA的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)而(er)言，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)標稱(cheng)工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)217A,短時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最大工作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可(ke)達239A。發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總負載包括：”1+1”UPS并機(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，空(kong)調機(ji)組及照明等負載。在進行此(ci)次發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)帶載調試時(shi)，實測到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)90A左右。根(gen)據(ju)過去的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作經驗(yan)：利用這(zhe)(zhe)臺150KVA 發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)應該(gai)(gai)是能(neng)夠驅(qu)動后接的(de)(de)(de)(de)6脈沖(chong)型UPS供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)是因為(wei)，此(ci)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)標稱(cheng)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)與(yu)后接的(de)(de)(de)(de)負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)容量比已達2.4倍(bei)左右。因此(ci)，它暗(an)示我們：導致這(zhe)(zhe)臺發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)不能(neng)正(zheng)常驅(qu)動這(zhe)(zhe)套由發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)穩壓器和UPS并機(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)所組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)主要原因應該(gai)(gai)是：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)穩壓器的(de)(de)(de)(de)”誤動作”,而(er)不是發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量不足(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題。

（c） 眾所周知：對發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)而(er)言(yan)(yan)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)惡劣工作條件是發(fa)(fa)(fa)生在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)剛(gang)被(bei)投入(ru)(ru)到(dao)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)接UPS供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間。因為(wei)(wei)，此時(shi)、它(ta)必須要提供(gong)足夠(gou)(gou)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來(lai)滿(man)足由(you)后(hou)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)穩壓器所可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開機(ji)(ji)(ji)啟動(dong)瞬態(tai)浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。目前(qian)，有(you)兩種發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)型可(ke)(ke)供(gong)我們選擇：無刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)、自(zi)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)無刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)、永磁(ci)(ci)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)統(tong)(tong)計資(zi)(zi)料表明：無刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)、永磁(ci)(ci)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)式發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)瞬態(tai)浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)”沖擊(ji)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)是優(you)于無刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)自(zi)激勵(li)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶(dai)瞬態(tai)浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)” 沖擊(ji)”能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)(zi)料稱，可(ke)(ke)提高(gao)1.4倍(bei)左(zuo)右)。鑒于目前(qian)現有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是屬于無刷(shua)(shua)(shua)(shua)、自(zi)勵(li)磁(ci)(ci)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。相對地(di)而(er)言(yan)(yan)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬態(tai)帶(dai)載(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)較弱。在(zai)(zai)此背景下，為(wei)(wei)了(le)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)地(di)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮這種發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潛在(zai)(zai)驅動(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)后(hou)接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)提供(gong)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)環(huan)境。在(zai)(zai)調(diao)(diao)試中，釆(bian)用將(jiang)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓從(cong)(cong)402V調(diao)(diao)節到(dao)396V, 工作頻率從(cong)(cong)50Hz調(diao)(diao)到(dao)51Hz的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術措施(shi)。這是因為(wei)(wei)：對于特(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)言(yan)(yan)，如果適當地(di)將(jiang)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出頻率調(diao)(diao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)話,會有(you)利于提高(gao)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出功率。在(zai)(zai)釆(bian)取這種措施(shi)后(hou)、所進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)帶(dai)載(zai)實(shi)驗證實(shi)：它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確可(ke)(ke)以使得(de)UPS供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)狀態(tai)獲(huo)得(de)了(le)進一步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改善。然(ran)而(er)，此時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)狀態(tai)仍(reng)(reng)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)達到(dao)令人滿(man)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du)。主(zhu)要表現為(wei)(wei)：發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓仍(reng)(reng)然(ran)不(bu)夠(gou)(gou)穩定(ding)和(he)(he)聲(sheng)音仍(reng)(reng)有(you)”異常(chang)”。

（d） 根據過去的(de)(de)測試數(shu)據發(fa)(fa)現(xian)：對(dui)于(yu)(yu)同(tong)一套的(de)(de)UPS供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統而言，不(bu)論(lun)它(ta)(ta)是(shi)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、還是(shi)處(chu)于(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)條件(jian)下運(yun)行，它(ta)(ta)可能(neng)(neng)反饋到輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流是(shi)基(ji)本相同(tong)的(de)(de)、不(bu)會有(you)數(shu)量級的(de)(de)變化。在此(ci)條件(jian)下，釆用(yong)(yong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式與釆用(yong)(yong)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式所可能(neng)(neng)帶(dai)來的(de)(de)主要(yao)變化是(shi)：發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)內阻明顯(xian)地高(gao)于(yu)(yu)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)內阻。因此(ci)，在將釆用(yong)(yong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)帶(dai)載(zai)時的(de)(de)運(yun)行狀態(tai)同(tong)釆用(yong)(yong)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)帶(dai)載(zai)時的(de)(de)運(yun)行狀態(tai)進(jin)行比較時、就可發(fa)(fa)現(xian)：它(ta)(ta)對(dui)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)所可能(neng)(neng)產生的(de)(de)影響是(shi)：將會導致(zhi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧波(bo)分量THDV增大(da)，從(cong)而致(zhi)使它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)形的(de)(de)畸變度有(you)所增大(da)。

如圖2所示，同市電供時、出現在兩臺UPS輸入端的的電壓波形相比，當改用發電機供電時，出現在它的輸入電壓波形上的畸變度明顯地增大(此時，可在它的電壓波形上、觀察到頻率較高的瞬態”電壓躍變”現象)。眾所周知：當這種畸變度增大的電壓信號被送同時到發電機和電力穩壓器的自動穩壓調控線路中的電壓釆樣信號線路的輸入端上時、由此所造成的惡果之一是：迫使位于伺服調控式電力穩壓器中的僅具有25V/秒左右的低速跟蹤運動特性的碳刷所執行的”慢速機械移動”的調控操作、始終無法同步跟蹤從電子控制線路所發出的高速自動調壓控制信號。這是因為碳刷所執行的是具有極大延時特性的、機械移動式的自動調壓操作，從而迫使電力穩壓器進入一種具有明顯”滯后跟蹤”特性的、“自激振蕩式”的“誤調”的工作狀態之中（其表現為：碳刷始終處于無規則的、不停的“上、下移動”之中），從而使得它始終無法進入穩定的自動調壓工作狀態。為改善電力穩壓器的運行條件，可釆用技術措施之一是：釆用適當地降低它的標稱穩壓精度的辦法來達到盡可能地減少“伺服調整碳刷”執行自動調壓操作的頻度，從而達到讓它進入慢速跟蹤的自動調壓狀態。在這里，釆用的辦法是：將電力穩壓器的輸出電壓的穩壓范圍從380V±1%擴大為380V±2.6%（370伏—390伏）。至此，150KVA的發電機就能正常地驅動由兩臺100KVA電力穩壓器+6脈沖的80KVA“1+1”并機系統所組成的整套UPS供電系統，僅在發電機剛投入的瞬間、發電機還存在短暫的聲音稍有異常的現象。
3、經”系統匹配性”調控操作(zuo)的技術改進后(hou)、所檢測(ce)到的由發電機、電力(li)穩壓器和UPS并機供電系統所組成(cheng)的供電系統的輸入諧波特性

為了(le)證實(shi)對由發電(dian)機(ji)、電(dian)力穩壓器和(he)UPS并機(ji)供(gong)電(dian)系統所組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)系統所執行的(de)系統匹配(pei)性和(he)兼容(rong)性的(de)調控操(cao)作的(de)合理性，對該系統進行如下輸入諧(xie)波特性的(de)檢(jian)測：

(a) 將兩臺電力穩壓器的”開(kai)機啟(qi)動時間”錯(cuo)開(kai)所帶來的性能改善(shan)

在(zai)(zai)150KVA發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件下(xia)、釆用手動切換操作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)，從市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)切換到(dao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后、所(suo)測(ce)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)次”開(kai)(kai)機(ji)(ji)啟動輸入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典型波形圖(tu)被示于3中。從該圖(tu)可以(yi)清晰(xi)地、分(fen)別地觀察到(dao)三種(zhong)啟動浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)穩(wen)壓(ya)器1的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)機(ji)(ji)啟動浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)穩(wen)壓(ya)器2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)機(ji)(ji)啟動浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩啟動輸入“爬升”電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。從這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測(ce)試(shi)結果可以(yi)得到(dao)如下(xia)結論(lun)：在(zai)(zai)釆用將兩(liang)臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)穩(wen)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”開(kai)(kai)機(ji)(ji)啟動浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian)時間“錯(cuo)開(kai)(kai)”3秒(miao)左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)措(cuo)施之(zhi)后，所(suo)帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明顯好處是：它大大地降低了在(zai)(zai)毎臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)穩(wen)壓(ya)器被開(kai)(kai)機(ji)(ji)啟動時所(suo)可能產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬態浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅度(du)，經(jing)多次開(kai)(kai)機(ji)(ji)啟動測(ce)試(shi)后，發(fa)現(xian)：在(zai)(zai)此條(tiao)件下(xia)，可能出現(xian)在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)穩(wen)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)峰(feng)值都小于100A。與(yu)此相反，在(zai)(zai)未釆用這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)措(cuo)施之(zhi)前(qian)，曾經(jing)被檢測(ce)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大浪涌電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)峰(feng)值卻高(gao)達220A左右。

(b) 市電(dian)供電(dian)與發電(dian)機供電(dian)條件下，UPS供電(dian)系統的輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)流諧波(bo)和輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)壓諧波(bo)特性的比較 

6脈沖型80KVA UPS的分別在市電供電和發電機供電條件下、進入穩態工作狀態時的典型輸入電流和輸入電壓的諧波頻譜分佈曲線被示于圖4和圖5中。與此同時，我們還可以得到如表1所示的輸入電流諧波分量THDI%r和輸入電壓諧波分量THDV%r的頻譜分佈特性的參數值。在表2中，還分別顯示出：在市電供電和發電機供電條件下的由兩臺100KVA電力穩壓器+ 80KVA”1+1”UPS并機系統所組成的供電系統的各種典型的輸入諧波參數值。
表1：在市電(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)和發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機供電(dian)(dian)條件下(xia)的(de)(de)80KVA的(de)(de)6脈沖(chong)UPS的(de)(de)輸入電(dian)(dian)流(liu)諧波(bo)(bo)分量(liang)THDI%r和輸入電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧波(bo)(bo)分量(liang)THDV%r的(de)(de)頻譜分佈(bu)特(te)性

表2：在(zai)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件下的(de)由(you)兩臺100KVA電(dian)(dian)(dian)力穩壓器+ 80KVA”1+1”UPS并機系(xi)統所組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)各種典型(xing)的(de)輸入諧(xie)波參(can)數值(注：UPS并機系(xi)統的(de)負(fu)載百分比(bi)為(wei)23%)

從表(biao)1和(he)表(biao)2可以得出如下結論(lun)：

1) 對于UPS供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統而(er)言，無論它是運行在(zai)市電(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件下(xia)、還是在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機供電(dian)(dian)的條(tiao)件下(xia)運行，它們都具(ju)有(you)基本相(xiang)同的輸入電(dian)(dian)流(liu)諧(xie)波工作特性(xing)

相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)數據表明(ming)：對于(yu)同一套UPS供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統言，不管它是(shi)(shi)(shi)工作在(zai)(zai)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)、還是(shi)(shi)(shi)工作在(zai)(zai)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，它不僅具有幾(ji)乎相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)CosΦ,輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)功(gong)率因(yin)數PF, 輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)絕對值。而且，還具有非常近(jin)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻譜(pu)分(fen)(fen)佈曲線。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里(li)，需(xu)特別說明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：造成(cheng)在(zai)(zai)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(注：兩臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力穩(wen)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)和80KVA UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)THDI分(fen)(fen)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)24%和40.9%) 小于(yu)在(zai)(zai)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(注：兩臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力穩(wen)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)和80KVA UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)THDI分(fen)(fen)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)28.4%和44.8%)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：在(zai)(zai)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(227V,53A)小于(yu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(219V,62A)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緣故(gu)。按照(zhao)6脈沖型(xing)UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原理，當它處(chu)于(yu)低(di)壓(ya)，大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)運行時，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相對值(THDI%r)將會(hui)有不同程度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)降。

2) 發電(dian)機(ji)電(dian)源的(de)高內阻是造成UPS供電(dian)系統的(de)輸入電(dian)壓(ya)失真(zhen)度增大的(de)主(zhu)要原因(yin)

相(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測數(shu)據表明：對(dui)于(yu)同一套(tao)UPS供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統言，當(dang)它處于(yu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下運行時(shi)(shi)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)明顯地高(gao)(gao)于(yu)在(zai)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條(tiao)件下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。我(wo)們(men)從(cong)這套(tao)UPS供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統上(shang)所檢測到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據是：對(dui)于(yu)出現在(zai)兩臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力穩(wen)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)而言，在(zai)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)THDV分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別為(wei)2.8%和(he)(he)5.1%。對(dui)于(yu)在(zai)出現80KVA UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)而言，在(zai)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)在(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)THDV分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別為(wei)3.1%和(he)(he)6.1%。從(cong)圖4和(he)(he)5還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)觀察(cha)(cha)到：在(zai)驅動相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整流濾(lv)波(bo)(bo)(bo)型非線性UPS負載時(shi)(shi)，通過降低(di)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻(zu)不僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)有效地降低(di)UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)THDV。而且，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)有效地消除由UPS反(fan)饋到輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)次(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)THDI(n)%所可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)在(zai)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上(shang)所產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)次(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)THDV(n)%。例如(ru)：當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，出現在(zai)80KVA UPS輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)主要(yao)集中(zhong)在(zai)5次(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)7次(ci)(ci)(ci)等(deng)低(di)次(ci)(ci)(ci)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)上(shang)。然而，在(zai)釆用具有較高(gao)(gao)內(nei)阻(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，我(wo)們(men)不僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)觀察(cha)(cha)到5次(ci)(ci)(ci)、7次(ci)(ci)(ci)、13次(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)17次(ci)(ci)(ci)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。而且，還(huan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)觀察(cha)(cha)到由UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)IGBT逆變器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脈寬調制所產生(sheng)41次(ci)(ci)(ci)、47次(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)(he)49次(ci)(ci)(ci)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)次(ci)(ci)(ci)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。為(wei)此，過去為(wei)UPS業界所經常釆用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術措施是：利用增大發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出功率(lv)和(he)(he)UPS的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出功率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)比的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)來改善發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帶載特性，其實(shi)質是通過增大發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)來降低(di)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)阻(zu)。

在(zai)此需要說明(ming)的(de)(de)一點是(shi)(shi)：造成出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)兩臺電(dian)力(li)穩壓器的(de)(de)總輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)壓諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)分量小于在(zai)出(chu)現(xian)80KVA UPS的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)端的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)壓諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)分量的(de)(de)原因是(shi)(shi)：有不會產生輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)電(dian)流諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)”污染”的(de)(de)空調機(ji)和照(zhao)明(ming)負載(zai)等負載(zai)被(bei)同時(shi)并聯在(zai)UPS的(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)配電(dian)柜中的(de)(de)匯流母排上的(de)(de)綠故(gu)。

3) 6脈(mo)沖型80KVA”1+1”UPS并機(ji)系統的(de)并機(ji)性能尚需進一(yi)步改善

眾所周知：為(wei)改(gai)善由發(fa)電機(ji)+電力穩壓器+”1+1”UPS并(bing)機(ji)系統所組成的(de)UPS供電系統的(de)可靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)的(de)技(ji)術途徑之一是設(she)法提(ti)高UPS并(bing)機(ji)系統對輸入電源的(de)適應性(xing)(xing)，可供選擇的(de)技(ji)術措(cuo)施有(you)：

釆(bian)用(yong)6脈沖+5次(ci)諧波濾波器(qi)型UPS、12脈沖整流器(qi)型UPS或(huo)12脈沖+11次(ci)諧波濾波器(qi)型UPS等(deng)辦法(fa)來(lai)降低它(ta)的(de)(de)輸入電流諧波分量。然(ran)而(er)，由種種原因所限，對于目前的(de)(de)用(yong)戶(hu)來(lai)說，只能繼續使用(yong)原有(you)的(de)(de)6脈沖型80KVA”1+1”UPS并機系統(tong)

提高(gao)(gao)”1+1”UPS并(bing)(bing)機(ji)系(xi)統的(de)并(bing)(bing)機(ji)性(xing)能(neng)：通過準確的(de)、合理的(de)”并(bing)(bing)機(ji)調機(ji)”操作來(lai)盡可(ke)能(neng)地降低UPS并(bing)(bing)機(ji)系(xi)統的(de)”環流”和降低兩臺UPS的(de)輸出電(dian)流的(de)”均流”不平(ping)衡(heng)度,從而達到(dao)盡可(ke)能(neng)地提高(gao)(gao)它對發電(dian)機(ji)電(dian)源的(de)適應(ying)能(neng)力。

在此次對由(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)+電(dian)(dian)力穩壓器(qi)+”1+1”UPS并(bing)機(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)所組(zu)成的(de)(de)UPS供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)所執行的(de)(de)”系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)匹(pi)配性”的(de)(de)調控操作(zuo)中，唯(wei)一沒(mei)有得到明(ming)顯技(ji)術(shu)改善的(de)(de)部件是：釆(bian)用(yong)(yong)釆(bian)用(yong)(yong)”熱同步(bu)并(bing)機(ji)”調控技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)UPS冗余并(bing)機(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)并(bing)機(ji)輸出特性較差。有關的(de)(de)并(bing)機(ji)調控操作(zuo)的(de)(de)實踐表明(ming)：由(you)于(yu)種種原因(yin)所限，對于(yu)這(zhe)套80KVA”1+1”UPS并(bing)機(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)而言，它的(de)(de)并(bing)機(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)特性、至今仍然處于(yu)不能令人滿意的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)之中，其(qi)主(zhu)要(yao)表現為

從UPS的(de)LCD顯示屏(ping)上所讀取的(de)電流(liu)、KVA和KW等UPS的(de)實時運行參數(shu)值較(jiao)大地偏離(li)它的(de)現場(chang)(chang)實測值,需要重新(xin)較(jiao)正。否則，易(yi)于導致相關的(de)操作人員產生”誤解(jie)”(注：此類現象，在(zai)其它安裝現場(chang)(chang)、也(ye)曾(ceng)出(chu)現過)。

從(cong)上(shang)表(biao)可見：從(cong)這種UPS的(de)(de)LCD顯(xian)示屏(ping)上(shang)所獲得的(de)(de)電流的(de)(de)讀數與(yu)實(shi)測值(zhi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)誤差偏(pian)大。

“1+1”UPS并機系(xi)統的并機輸(shu)出特(te)性較差

根據經過MG24型(xing)(xing)鉗型(xing)(xing)電流表(biao)校正后所獲(huo)得(de)的(de)80KVA”1+1”UPS并(bing)機(ji)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)輸入和輸出參(can)數,可以得(de)到這套UPS并(bing)機(ji)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)如(ru)下并(bing)機(ji)工作特(te)性：

(a) 在兩臺(tai)UPS的(de)輸(shu)入功率(lv)和(he)輸(shu)出功率(lv)之間存在有明(ming)顯的(de)供(gong)配電的(de)不平衡度;

兩臺UPS的A相輸出電(dian)流(liu)之間的”均流(liu)”不(bu)平衡(heng)度：±20.7%;

兩臺UPS的B相輸出電流之間(jian)的”均流”不平衡度(du)：±27.5%;

兩(liang)臺UPS的C相輸出電流之間的”均流”不平衡度：±31.4%;

(b) 存在(zai)于(yu)兩臺(tai)(tai)UPS之間的”環流(liu)(liu)”偏(pian)大(注：”環流(liu)(liu)”不是(shi)從毎臺(tai)(tai)UPS輸入用戶負載中(zhong)的電流(liu)(liu)，它是(shi)在(zai)兩臺(tai)(tai)UPS之間相互流(liu)(liu)動的電流(liu)(liu))

兩臺(tai)UPS的(de)A相(xiang)輸出電流(liu)之間(jian)的(de)”環流(liu)”：7.6A

兩(liang)臺(tai)UPS的(de)B相輸出電(dian)流之間的(de)”環流”：13A;

兩臺UPS的C相(xiang)輸(shu)出(chu)電流之間的”環流”：5.2A;

由” 環流”所(suo)造成(cheng)的”額外功耗”約占UPS并(bing)機系(xi)統的總(zong)輸出功率的18%左右。

所有(you)這一切(qie)，都說明(ming)這套UPS并(bing)機(ji)(ji)系統的(de)并(bing)機(ji)(ji)性(xing)能較差(cha)。按照(zhao)目(mu)前(qian)UPS業界的(de)慣例(li)，UPS并(bing)機(ji)(ji)系統的(de)”均流(liu)”不平(ping)衡度應小于(yu)±5%,環流(liu)”小于(yu)3-4A的(de)水(shui)平(ping)。上述檢(jian)測數據表明(ming)：其并(bing)機(ji)(ji)性(xing)能明(ming)顯地低于(yu)UPS業界的(de)并(bing)機(ji)(ji)性(xing)能。

結論

為提高由150KVA發電機(ji)(ji)+兩臺100KVA電力穩壓器+80KVA“1+1”UPS并機(ji)(ji)系(xi)統所(suo)組成的(de)(de)(de)UPS供電系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)運行的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性和穩定性，常用的(de)(de)(de)技術措施(shi)有：

（a） 降低(di)UPS的輸(shu)入電流諧(xie)波(bo)分量：

對于中(zhong)、大型(xing)(xing)UPS而言，可選用6脈(mo)沖(chong)整(zheng)流(liu)+5次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)波濾(lv)(lv)波器型(xing)(xing)UPS、12脈(mo)沖(chong)整(zheng)流(liu)器型(xing)(xing)UPS、12脈(mo)沖(chong)整(zheng)流(liu)+11次(ci)(ci)諧(xie)波濾(lv)(lv)波器型(xing)(xing)UPS和6脈(mo)沖(chong)整(zheng)流(liu)+有源濾(lv)(lv)波器型(xing)(xing)UPS。對于中(zhong)、小型(xing)(xing)UPS而言，可選用IGBT脈(mo)寬調制整(zheng)流(liu)器型(xing)(xing)UPS。

（b） 增大發(fa)電機(ji)的輸(shu)出功率同UPS輸(shu)出功率之間的容量比(bi)。

（c） 相關的(de)檢測數(shu)據表明：對(dui)于同一套UPS供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)言，不(bu)管(guan)它(ta)是工作在市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件(jian)下(xia)、還是工作在發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)條件(jian)下(xia)，它(ta)不(bu)僅具(ju)有(you)幾(ji)乎相同的(de)CosΦ,輸入(ru)功(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)PF, 輸入(ru)諧波電(dian)(dian)(dian)流絕對(dui)值。而且，還具(ju)有(you)非(fei)常近似的(de)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流諧波的(de)頻譜分佈曲線。發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)高(gao)內阻是造成UPS供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)的(de)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓失真度增大的(de)主要原因，它(ta)極易導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力穩(wen)壓器及發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)中的(de)自(zi)動(dong)穩(wen)壓線路發生”誤(wu)(wu)動(dong)作”/”誤(wu)(wu)調操作”， 從而迫使用戶(hu)釆(bian)用增大發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸出功(gong)率(lv)的(de)技術措施來降低它(ta)的(de)內阻，導(dao)(dao)致(zhi)投資和營維成本的(de)增加。

（d） 為盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能地降低(di)備用發電(dian)機的(de)輸出功率同UPS供(gong)電(dian)系統的(de)輸出功率的(de)容量比，可(ke)(ke)供(gong)選擇的(de)技術措施有：

通過適當地(di)”錯開(kai)”兩臺電(dian)(dian)力穩壓(ya)器的(de)(de)”開(kai)機啟動浪涌電(dian)(dian)流”的(de)(de)出現時(shi)刻點之間的(de)(de)遲時(shi)值及適當地(di)調低電(dian)(dian)力穩壓(ya)器的(de)(de)穩壓(ya)精(jing)度，就能用(yong)150KVA發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機來正(zheng)常地(di)驅動由兩臺100KVA電(dian)(dian)力穩壓(ya)器+80KVA“1+1”UPS并機系統所(suo)組成的(de)(de)UPS供電(dian)(dian)系統,從(cong)而達到避免釆(bian)用(yong)”過份(fen)地(di)”增大發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機容量技術措(cuo)施(shi)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(例如：釆(bian)用(yong) 250KVA以(yi)上 的(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組)。

對于配置有(you)“發電(dian)(dian)機運行控制(zhi)信號”的(de)UPS來(lai)說，可供(gong)用(yong)戶(hu)選(xuan)用(yong)技術(shu)手段是：將來(lai)自發電(dian)(dian)機的(de)主輸出(chu)開關上(shang)的(de)“發電(dian)(dian)機工作(zuo)”輔助(zhu)觸點信號饋送到(dao)UPS的(de)指定干(gan)接點通信接口上(shang)。此時(shi)，我們就可利用(yong)這(zhe)組輸入(ru)(ru)信號來(lai)限制(zhi)UPS輸入(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)及電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，并禁止逆變器與旁路電(dian)(dian)源同步，達到(dao)同時(shi)確(que)保發電(dian)(dian)機和UPS穩定工作(zuo)的(de)目。這(zhe)個特(te)性常用(yong)于市電(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)后，由(you)容量較小(xiao)的(de)發電(dian)(dian)機向UPS供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)用(yong)戶(hu)。

在電力穩壓器和備用發電機的自動穩壓調控線路的電壓采樣輸入信號線路的前端、增配小功率的5次諧波/11次諧波濾波器。

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