三網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)融合(he)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)廣(guang)義(yi)的(de)(de)、社(she)會(hui)化的(de)(de)說法，在(zai)(zai)現階段它是(shi)指在(zai)(zai)信(xin)息傳(chuan)(chuan)遞中，把廣(guang)播傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)中的(de)(de)“點(dian)”對“面(mian)”，通(tong)信(xin)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)中的(de)(de)“點(dian)”對“點(dian)”，計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)中的(de)(de)存儲(chu)時移融合(he)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)，更好(hao)為人類(lei)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)，并不意味著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和(he)有線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)三大網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡的(de)(de)物理合(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，而三網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)融合(he)主要(yao)是(shi)指高層(ceng)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)應用的(de)(de)融合(he)。其表現為技術(shu)上(shang)趨向(xiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡層(ceng)上(shang)可以實現互聯互通(tong)，形(xing)成無(wu)縫覆(fu)蓋(gai)，業(ye)務(wu)(wu)層(ceng)上(shang)互相(xiang)滲(shen)透和(he)交叉，應用層(ceng)上(shang)趨向(xiang)使用統一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)IP協(xie)議，在(zai)(zai)經營(ying)上(shang)互相(xiang)競爭、互相(xiang)合(he)作，朝著(zhu)向(xiang)人類(lei)提供多(duo)(duo)樣化、多(duo)(duo)媒體化、個性化服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)目標逐漸(jian)交匯在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)，行(xing)業(ye)管制和(he)政策方(fang)面(mian)也逐漸(jian)趨向(xiang)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)。 所(suo)謂“三網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)融合(he)”，就是(shi)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、廣(guang)播電(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)和(he)計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)通(tong)信(xin)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)相(xiang)互滲(shen)透、互相(xiang)兼(jian)容、并逐步整合(he)成為全世界(jie)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)信(xin)息通(tong)信(xin)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡。“三網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)融合(he)”是(shi)為了(le)實現網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡資(zi)源的(de)(de)共享(xiang)，避免低水平的(de)(de)重復建(jian)設(she)，形(xing)成適應性廣(guang)、容易維(wei)護(hu)、費用低的(de)(de)高速寬(kuan)帶的(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)媒體基礎(chu)平臺(tai)。 “三網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)融合(he)”后，民眾可用電(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)遙控器打電(dian)(dian)(dian)話，在(zai)(zai)手(shou)機(ji)上(shang)看(kan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)劇，隨需選擇網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡和(he)終端，只要(yao)拉一(yi)(yi)(yi)條線(xian)、或無(wu)線(xian)接入即完成通(tong)信(xin)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)、上(shang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)等(deng)。

三網融合的結合點

三(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合(he)，在(zai)概(gai)念上(shang)從不同(tong)角度和(he)層(ceng)(ceng)次上(shang)分析(xi)，可(ke)以(yi)涉及到技(ji)(ji)術融(rong)(rong)合(he)、業(ye)務(wu)融(rong)(rong)合(he)、行(xing)業(ye)融(rong)(rong)合(he)、終端融(rong)(rong)合(he)及網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)融(rong)(rong)合(he)。目前更(geng)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)應用(yong)(yong)層(ceng)(ceng)次上(shang)互(hu)相使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)協議(yi)。IP優化光網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)就是(shi)新一(yi)代電(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)基礎，是(shi)我們所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)三(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)結合(he)點(dian)(dian)。 三(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)結合(he)點(dian)(dian) 數字技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)迅速發展和(he)全面采用(yong)(yong)，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)話、數據和(he)圖像信(xin)(xin)(xin)號都(dou)可(ke)以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)編碼進(jin)行(xing)傳輸(shu)和(he)交換，所(suo)有業(ye)務(wu)在(zai)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)中(zhong)都(dou)將成(cheng)為統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)“0”或“1”的(de)(de)(de)比特(te)流。 光通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)發展，為綜合(he)傳送各(ge)種業(ye)務(wu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息提供了必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)帶寬和(he)傳輸(shu)高質量，成(cheng)為三(san)網(wang)(wang)業(ye)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)想平臺。 軟(ruan)件技(ji)(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)發展使(shi)(shi)得(de)三(san)大網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)及其終端都(dou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)軟(ruan)件變更(geng)，最(zui)終支(zhi)持各(ge)種用(yong)(yong)戶所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性、功能(neng)和(he)業(ye)務(wu)。 最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)TCP/IP協議(yi)的(de)(de)(de)普遍采用(yong)(yong)，將使(shi)(shi)得(de)各(ge)種以(yi)IP為基礎的(de)(de)(de)業(ye)務(wu)都(dou)能(neng)在(zai)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)上(shang)實(shi)現(xian)互(hu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)。人類(lei)首次具有統(tong)(tong)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)為三(san)大網(wang)(wang)都(dou)能(neng)接受的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)協議(yi)，從技(ji)(ji)術上(shang)為三(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合(he)奠定了最(zui)堅(jian)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)基礎。

三網融合的發展

但是(shi)，如果按傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)辦法處理三(san)網(wang)(wang)(wang)融(rong)合(he)將(jiang)是(shi)一個長期而艱(jian)巨的(de)(de)過程，如何(he)繞過傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)三(san)網(wang)(wang)(wang)來達(da)到融(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)，那(nei)就是(shi)尋找通(tong)(tong)信體制革(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)這(zhe)條(tiao)路(lu)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)必須把握技術的(de)(de)發展趨(qu)勢(shi)，結合(he)我(wo)(wo)國實(shi)際情況(kuang)，選擇我(wo)(wo)們(men)自(zi)己的(de)(de)發展道路(lu)。 我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)實(shi)際情況(kuang)是(shi)數據(ju)通(tong)(tong)信與發達(da)國家相比起步(bu)晚，傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)數據(ju)通(tong)(tong)信業務(wu)規模不大(da)，比起發達(da)國家的(de)(de)多協議(yi)、多業務(wu)的(de)(de)包袱(fu)要三(san)大(da)產業融(rong)合(he)前競爭示意圖(tu)小得多，因(yin)此，可以盡快轉(zhuan)向以IP為基礎的(de)(de)新(xin)體制，在光(guang)纜(lan)上采用IP優化光(guang)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡，建(jian)設寬帶IP網(wang)(wang)(wang)，加(jia)速我(wo)(wo)國Internet網(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)發展，使之與我(wo)(wo)國傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)信網(wang)(wang)(wang)長期并存(cun)，既節省開支又充分利用現有的(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)(wang)絡資源。 2010年1月13日國務(wu)院總理溫(wen)家寶主持召(zhao)開國務(wu)院常務(wu)會(hui)議(yi)，決定加(jia)快推進電信網(wang)(wang)(wang)、廣(guang)播(bo)電視網(wang)(wang)(wang)和互聯網(wang)(wang)(wang)三(san)網(wang)(wang)(wang)融(rong)合(he)。

先易后難試點先行

與在推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)工業(ye)和(he)信(xin)息化(hua)融(rong)(rong)合過(guo)程中(zhong)選(xuan)擇先(xian)(xian)建設試驗區再(zai)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)大規模(mo)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)類似，我(wo)國加快(kuai)推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)三(san)(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合也將(jiang)本著試點(dian)(dian)先(xian)(xian)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。 此前(qian)，在當地(di)(di)政(zheng)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支持下，多(duo)(duo)個地(di)(di)方開展(zhan)(zhan)了多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)形式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合探(tan)(tan)索(suo)。在山西，中(zhong)國移動山西公司為(wei)(wei)山區群(qun)眾提供了基于(yu)光纖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)播電視傳送業(ye)務(wu);在江蘇(su)，江蘇(su)省(sheng)廣(guang)播電視網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)股份有(you)限(xian)公司獲得了ICP和(he)ISP的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)營許可(ke)證;在湖北(bei)，以(yi)湖北(bei)省(sheng)楚(chu)天(tian)(tian)廣(guang)電網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)公司旗下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湖北(bei)鄂廣(guang)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)為(wei)(wei)平臺(tai)，探(tan)(tan)索(suo)實(shi)施三(san)(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合等(deng)等(deng)。 不(bu)過(guo)，上(shang)述地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)探(tan)(tan)索(suo)和(he)嘗試多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)單向(xiang)進(jin)(jin)入。而此次(ci)會議明確，我(wo)國將(jiang)按照(zhao)先(xian)(xian)易后難、試點(dian)(dian)先(xian)(xian)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則，選(xuan)擇有(you)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區開展(zhan)(zhan)雙向(xiang)進(jin)(jin)入試點(dian)(dian)。 工業(ye)和(he)信(xin)息化(hua)部通(tong)信(xin)科技委副主(zhu)任陳(chen)如明表示(shi)，從技術實(shi)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度出發，試點(dian)(dian)工作應首(shou)先(xian)(xian)從邊緣城市做起，按照(zhao)“農村包圍(wei)城市”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)路一步步推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)三(san)(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合。 廣(guang)電專家吳純勇認為(wei)(wei)，找一個全新地(di)(di)區進(jin)(jin)行(xing)真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合試點(dian)(dian)概率較(jiao)大，他建議先(xian)(xian)選(xuan)擇廣(guang)電行(xing)業(ye)中(zhong)比較(jiao)有(you)代表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合“急行(xing)軍”，如天(tian)(tian)威(wei)視訊、東方有(you)線以(yi)及江蘇(su)有(you)線等(deng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)三(san)(san)網(wang)(wang)融(rong)(rong)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試點(dian)(dian)工作。

中廣(guang)互聯CEO曾會明(ming)則(ze)表(biao)示，從有利推動(dong)三網融(rong)合的(de)角度(du)，試點的(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)應更具(ju)全面的(de)代表(biao)性，比如分別(bie)選(xuan)擇(ze)東西中部(bu)城(cheng)市、鄉(xiang)鎮與農村進行(xing)三網融(rong)合試點等等。

明確雙向進入原則

會議再次明確了廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)企業(ye)(ye)雙向(xiang)進(jin)(jin)入的(de)原(yuan)則，并指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)，符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)播(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)企業(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)經(jing)營增(zeng)值(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)(he)部(bu)分基(ji)(ji)礎電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)、互(hu)聯網(wang)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu);符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)企業(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)從事部(bu)分廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)播(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)節(jie)目(mu)生產(chan)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)和(he)(he)(he)傳輸。 2009年(nian)(nian)5月19日，國(guo)家發(fa)(fa)改委(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)定的(de)《關于(yu)2009年(nian)(nian)深化經(jing)濟體制(zhi)(zhi)改革工(gong)作(zuo)意見》中就(jiu)提出(chu)(chu)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)落實國(guo)家相(xiang)關規(gui)定，實現(xian)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)雙向(xiang)進(jin)(jin)入，推動“三網(wang)融合(he)(he)(he)”取(qu)得(de)實質性(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)展。 對于(yu)如(ru)何界定“符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)”和(he)(he)(he)“部(bu)分”的(de)含義，業(ye)(ye)界專家認(ren)(ren)為，符(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)(he)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)針對廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)，即“有(you)(you)線網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)雙向(xiang)改造程度(du)(du)較高的(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)”，而對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)而言則問題不(bu)(bu)大，對于(yu)“部(bu)分廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)播(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)節(jie)目(mu)生產(chan)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)和(he)(he)(he)傳輸”大部(bu)分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)企業(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)勝任(ren)。而由于(yu)基(ji)(ji)礎電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)涉及(ji)范圍(wei)較廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)到底可(ke)(ke)以(yi)開展哪些基(ji)(ji)礎電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)目(mu)前尚不(bu)(bu)清楚。 業(ye)(ye)內(nei)觀察人(ren)士甚至認(ren)(ren)為，廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)得(de)了面子，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)贏了空間。他(ta)表示(shi)，基(ji)(ji)礎建設(she)和(he)(he)(he)市場拓(tuo)展絕對不(bu)(bu)是短期就(jiu)能(neng)實現(xian)的(de)，廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)拿的(de)是藍圖(tu)，看上去很美，實現(xian)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)時(shi)間，而這個時(shi)間差卻可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會是廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)最后一(yi)公(gong)里之惑。 此外(wai)，會議還鼓勵廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)企業(ye)(ye)加強合(he)(he)(he)作(zuo)、優勢互(hu)補、共同(tong)發(fa)(fa)展，同(tong)時(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)(chu)在2013年(nian)(nian)至2015年(nian)(nian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)(ji)本形成適(shi)度(du)(du)競爭的(de)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)格(ge)局。 不(bu)(bu)過，目(mu)前，國(guo)家廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總局更看重(zhong)基(ji)(ji)于(yu)互(hu)聯網(wang)的(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)播(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)展。1月12日、13日，2010年(nian)(nian)全國(guo)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)播(bo)(bo)影(ying)視(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)作(zuo)會議召(zhao)開。在會議召(zhao)開之后，廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)總局新聞發(fa)(fa)言人(ren)表示(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)重(zhong)點發(fa)(fa)展網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)播(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)移動多媒體廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)播(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)臺都要(yao)(yao)(yao)大力(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)展網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)播(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)。移動多媒體廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)播(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)圍(wei)繞擴大覆(fu)蓋(gai)、增(zeng)加內(nei)容(rong)、拓(tuo)展服務(wu)(wu)的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，力(li)(li)爭形成一(yi)定的(de)用戶規(gui)模(mo)，特別(bie)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)從法人(ren)治(zhi)理(li)結構(gou)、經(jing)營決策(ce)權(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)安排等方面，充分調動地(di)方的(de)積極性(xing)(xing)(xing)、主動性(xing)(xing)(xing)

創新產業形態探索技術(shu)路線

調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)經濟(ji)(ji)結構(gou)，推動(dong)發(fa)展(zhan)方式轉變是當前應對后金融(rong)(rong)危(wei)機的目標要求。其中，拉(la)動(dong)國內消費，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)新(xin)的經濟(ji)(ji)增長點毫無疑問(wen)是制(zhi)定相關(guan)政(zheng)策的重要出發(fa)點。國務(wu)院的這次(ci)會議指出，要創新(xin)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)形(xing)(xing)態，推動(dong)移(yi)動(dong)多媒(mei)體廣(guang)播電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)、手機電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)、數字電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)寬帶上網(wang)等(deng)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)的應用，促進(jin)文(wen)化產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)、信息產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)和其他現代服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)。 此(ci)外，會議還強(qiang)調(diao)(diao)，要確定合(he)(he)理(li)、先進(jin)、適用的技術(shu)(shu)路(lu)線，促進(jin)網(wang)絡建設、業(ye)(ye)務(wu)應用、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)、監督(du)管理(li)等(deng)各項(xiang)工作協(xie)調(diao)(diao)發(fa)展(zhan)。制(zhi)定相關(guan)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)政(zheng)策，支持三(san)網(wang)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)共性技術(shu)(shu)、關(guan)鍵技術(shu)(shu)、基礎(chu)技術(shu)(shu)和關(guan)鍵軟硬(ying)件的研發(fa)和產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化。將三(san)網(wang)融(rong)(rong)合(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)品與業(ye)(ye)務(wu)納(na)入政(zheng)府采購范圍。

三網融合的發展前景

研究(jiu)人士(shi)普遍認為，內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)提(ti)供(gong)商(shang)將成為三網融合最(zui)大的(de)受(shou)益(yi)者。2010年1月13日，國(guo)(guo)務院召(zhao)開常務會議，專門就(jiu)三網融合方案進行研究(jiu)。這無(wu)疑為相關上(shang)市公(gong)(gong)司帶(dai)來廣闊的(de)想象(xiang)(xiang)空(kong)間(jian)。三網融合將帶(dai)動整(zheng)條產(chan)業鏈(lian)的(de)發展，包括(kuo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)提(ti)供(gong)商(shang)、服務提(ti)供(gong)商(shang)、運營(ying)商(shang)以(yi)及(ji)光纖通訊(xun)設備制(zhi)造商(shang)在(zai)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)多家上(shang)市公(gong)(gong)司均將受(shou)益(yi)。研究(jiu)人士(shi)普遍認為，內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)提(ti)供(gong)商(shang)將成為其中(zhong)最(zui)大的(de)受(shou)益(yi)者，由于國(guo)(guo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)提(ti)供(gong)商(shang)中(zhong)的(de)上(shang)市公(gong)(gong)司屈指可(ke)數，因此有可(ke)能出(chu)現(xian)資金集中(zhong)追捧的(de)現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。

銀河證券研究(jiu)員許耀(yao)文(wen)對記(ji)者表(biao)示(shi)，三網(wang)(wang)融合將(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)內容服務市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)從買方市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)轉(zhuan)變(bian)為賣方市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)，內容服務商將(jiang)(jiang)成為市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)主導。這一(yi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)將(jiang)(jiang)對電廣傳媒、中視傳媒等公司(si)形(xing)成實(shi)質性的(de)利好。此外，新浪、騰(teng)訊等互(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)類上(shang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)公司(si)雖然因為三網(wang)(wang)融合而被打破目前視頻市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)壟斷地位(wei)，但由(you)于這類門戶網(wang)(wang)站在此前的(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場(chang)(chang)化運作(zuo)中已經擁有了一(yi)定的(de)內容制作(zuo)力量，因此將(jiang)(jiang)在內容提供上(shang)獲得收(shou)益。

申(shen)銀(yin)萬國(guo)研(yan)究員萬建軍于研(yan)究報(bao)告中肯定(ding)了許耀(yao)文的(de)(de)觀點。他認為(wei)，長(chang)期(qi)看，有線(xian)(xian)運(yun)營商和電信運(yun)營商的(de)(de)網絡條件(jian)和運(yun)營能(neng)力接近，關鍵在于誰能(neng)提供(gong)更具有吸引(yin)力的(de)(de)內容(rong)節目或(huo)服務應(ying)用。2009年美(mei)國(guo)最(zui)大有線(xian)(xian)運(yun)營商COMCAST收(shou)購美(mei)國(guo)最(zui)大廣播電視(shi)網絡公(gong)司(si)NBC(內容(rong)提供(gong)商)恰是一個(ge)佐證(zheng)。在運(yun)營商對(dui)優質內容(rong)節目的(de)(de)爭奪中，內容(rong)產業(ye)的(de)(de)版權收(shou)入有望大幅提升。

此外，許耀文(wen)認為，三網(wang)融(rong)合(he)將(jiang)為上(shang)(shang)游設備提供(gong)商帶來收益(yi)。數(shu)據顯示，中(zhong)國(guo)現有(you)有(you)線(xian)用戶(hu)(hu)1.6億(yi)，尚有(you)1億(yi)有(you)線(xian)用戶(hu)(hu)并未數(shu)字(zi)化(hua)(hua)整(zheng)轉，不考(kao)慮有(you)線(xian)用戶(hu)(hu)增(zeng)長，機頂盒開支(zhi)約350億(yi);而尚未雙向網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)改造(zao)(zao)用戶(hu)(hu)接近1.5億(yi)，未來網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)改造(zao)(zao)成本接近600億(yi)，根據整(zheng)轉截止時點2015年，每(mei)年資本開支(zhi)約200億(yi)，可能(neng)利(li)好上(shang)(shang)游機頂盒設備供(gong)應商和網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)改造(zao)(zao)設備供(gong)應商。同洲電(dian)(dian)(dian)子作(zuo)(zuo)為國(guo)內機頂盒設備龍頭無疑將(jiang)從中(zhong)受益(yi)。同時，作(zuo)(zuo)為光纖通訊設備提供(gong)商的中(zhong)興(xing)通訊、中(zhong)天科技、鑫茂(mao)科技、烽火通信(xin)等上(shang)(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司也將(jiang)從中(zhong)分得(de)蛋糕。 研究人員還認為，三網(wang)融(rong)合(he)還將(jiang)迫使(shi)廣(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)運營商加快跨區域整(zheng)合(he)、網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)改造(zao)(zao)和更市(shi)場化(hua)(hua)運作(zuo)(zuo)。如(ru)歌(ge)華(hua)有(you)線(xian)、天威視(shi)訊、廣(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)等公(gong)司將(jiang)從中(zhong)受益(yi)。[2]

三網融合具(ju)有重(zhong)要的戰略(lve)意義(yi)。

它不(bu)僅是將(jiang)現有(you)網絡資源有(you)效整合(he)、互聯(lian)互通，而且(qie)會形成(cheng)新的(de)服(fu)務和運營機(ji)制(zhi)，并有(you)利于(yu)信(xin)息產業(ye)結(jie)構的(de)優化，以(yi)及政(zheng)策(ce)法規的(de)相應變革。融合(he)以(yi)后(hou)，不(bu)僅信(xin)息傳播、內(nei)容和通信(xin)服(fu)務的(de)方式會發生很大變化，企業(ye)應用、個人信(xin)息消(xiao)費的(de)具(ju)體形態也將(jiang)會有(you)質的(de)變化。

三網(wang)融合帶(dai)來(lai)5大好處

1、信息服(fu)務(wu)將由(you)單一(yi)業務(wu)轉(zhuan)向文字、話音(yin)、數據、圖像(xiang)、視(shi)頻等(deng)多媒(mei)體綜合業務(wu)通過手機視(shi)頻看到客(ke)戶貨(huo)物(wu)的大致情況，并立(li)即決定派什么樣的車去提(ti)貨(huo)，發完(wan)貨(huo)以后，客(ke)戶也能隨(sui)時自(zi)主追(zhui)。

2、有利于極大地減少基礎建(jian)設(she)投(tou)入，并簡化網絡管理(li)，降低維護成本。

3、 將使(shi)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)從(cong)各自獨立的(de)專業(ye)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)向綜(zong)合(he)性網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)轉變，網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)性能得以提升(sheng)，資源利用水平進一步提高。 4、 三網(wang)(wang)融(rong)合(he)是業(ye)務的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)合(he)，它(ta)不僅(jin)繼承了原有的(de)話(hua)音(yin)、數據和視(shi)頻業(ye)務，而且通過網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)合(he)，衍生出(chu)了更(geng)加豐富的(de)增值業(ye)務類型，如圖(tu)文電視(shi)、VOIP、視(shi)頻郵件和網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)游戲(xi)等(deng)，極大地拓(tuo)展了業(ye)務提供的(de)范圍。

5 、三網(wang)融合(he)打(da)(da)破了電信運營(ying)商和廣電運營(ying)商在視(shi)頻傳輸領域長期(qi)的惡性競爭狀態，各大運營(ying)商將在一口鍋里搶飯吃，看電視(shi)、上網(wang)、打(da)(da)電話資費可能打(da)(da)包下調。

三(san)網(wang)融(rong)合(he)應用廣泛，遍(bian)及智(zhi)能交通、環境保護(hu)、政府工作(zuo)、公(gong)共安(an)(an)全、平(ping)安(an)(an)家(jia)居(ju)、智(zhi)能消防、工業(ye)監測(ce)、老人(ren)(ren)護(hu)理、個人(ren)(ren)健康(kang)等多個領域。以(yi)后的手機可以(yi)看(kan)電視、上網(wang)，電視可以(yi)打電話(hua)、上網(wang)，電腦也可以(yi)打電話(hua)、看(kan)電視。三(san)者之間相互交叉,形成你中(zhong)有(you)我、我中(zhong)有(you)你的格局。”北京郵電大學(xue)教授曾劍秋(qiu)說。

漢能(neng)投資董事總經理趙小兵(bing)很(hen)生動地描述在三網(wang)融合的(de)背景(jing)下，用戶(hu)(hu)的(de)消費生活(huo)：未來(lai)，我們(men)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用電視(shi)(shi)遙(yao)控器打電話(hua)，在手機(ji)上(shang)看電視(shi)(shi)劇，隨(sui)需選(xuan)擇網(wang)絡和(he)終端，只要拉一條線、接入一張(zhang)網(wang)，甚(shen)至可(ke)(ke)能(neng)完全通過無線接入的(de)方式(shi)就能(neng)搞通信、電視(shi)(shi)、上(shang)網(wang)等各種應用需求了。而對(dui)于物(wu)流(liu)行業來(lai)說，億(yi)博物(wu)流(liu)咨詢介紹到(dao)(dao)(dao)，以(yi)(yi)后客戶(hu)(hu)發貨(huo)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)隨(sui)時隨(sui)地用手機(ji)迅速查到(dao)(dao)(dao)合適的(de)物(wu)流(liu)公司，并立即下單，物(wu)流(liu)公司可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過手機(ji)視(shi)(shi)頻看到(dao)(dao)(dao)客戶(hu)(hu)的(de)貨(huo)的(de)大致情況，并立即決定派什么樣(yang)的(de)車去提貨(huo)，發完貨(huo)以(yi)(yi)后，客戶(hu)(hu)也能(neng)隨(sui)時自主追蹤貨(huo)物(wu)狀態，直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)貨(huo)物(wu)安全到(dao)(dao)(dao)達(da)最(zui)終用戶(hu)(hu)手里。 隨(sui)著三網(wang)時代的(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)來(lai)，我們(men)的(de)生活(huo)將會更美好。

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