UPS電(dian)(dian)源也稱不間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源，能(neng)夠(gou)提供持(chi)續、穩定、不間(jian)斷(duan)的電(dian)(dian)源供應(ying)的重要外(wai)部設備(bei)。 顧名思義UPS電(dian)(dian)源，它就是一(yi)(yi)臺這樣(yang)的機器，它在市電(dian)(dian)停(ting)止(zhi)供應(ying)的時(shi)候(hou)，能(neng)保持(chi)一(yi)(yi)段供電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，使人們有時(shi)間(jian)存盤(pan)，再從容地關閉機器。

UPS電源按工作原理分成后備式(shi)、在線式(shi)與在線互動式(shi)三(san)大類。 UPS電源現已廣泛應用于：工業、通訊、國(guo)防、醫院、廣播電視、計算機業務(wu)終端、網(wang)絡(luo)服務(wu)器、網(wang)絡(luo)設備、數據存(cun)儲設備等領域。

UPS電源工作原理

(1)在線式

在線式UPS(On-Line UPS)的(de)(de)(de)運作模式為“市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備是(shi)隔離(li)的(de)(de)(de)，市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不會直(zhi)接(jie)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給(gei)(gei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備”，而是(shi)到了UPS就被轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換成直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，再兵分兩路(lu)，一路(lu)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，另一路(lu)則轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)回交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給(gei)(gei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備，市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)品質不穩或停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)從充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)為供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)到市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復正常才轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)回充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，“UPS在用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)整個過程是(shi)全(quan)程介(jie)入的(de)(de)(de)”。其優點是(shi)輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)波型和(he)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一樣(yang)是(shi)正弦(xian)波，而且純(chun)凈無雜訊，不受市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不穩定的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，可供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給(gei)(gei)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感型負(fu)載”，例如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)扇，只(zhi)要在UPS輸出(chu)功率足夠的(de)(de)(de)前題下，可以供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給(gei)(gei)任何使用(yong)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備。

UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)使其逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)處于工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀態，通(tong)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路將外(wai)部交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉變(bian)為直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，再通(tong)過(guo)高質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)將直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)為高質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)正弦波交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)輸(shu)出(chu)給(gei)計算機。在(zai)線(xian)(xian)式UPS在(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀況(kuang)下(xia)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)功(gong)能是(shi)穩壓及防(fang)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波干擾;在(zai)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)則使用(yong)(yong)備(bei)(bei)用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組)給(gei)逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由(you)于逆(ni)變(bian)器(qi)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，因(yin)此不(bu)存(cun)在(zai)切換(huan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)問題，適用(yong)(yong)于對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)有(you)嚴格(ge)要(yao)求的(de)場合。在(zai)線(xian)(xian)式UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不(bu)同于后(hou)備(bei)(bei)式的(de)一(yi)(yi)大(da)優點是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)持續(xu)長，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為幾(ji)個小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，也(ye)(ye)有(you)大(da)到十(shi)幾(ji)個小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)，它的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)功(gong)能是(shi)可(ke)(ke)以讓您在(zai)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況(kuang)可(ke)(ke)像(xiang)平常一(yi)(yi)樣工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，顯(xian)然，由(you)于其功(gong)能的(de)特殊，價格(ge)也(ye)(ye)明顯(xian)要(yao)貴一(yi)(yi)大(da)截。這(zhe)種(zhong)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)式UPS比較適用(yong)(yong)于計算機、交(jiao)通(tong)、銀行、證券、通(tong)信、醫療(liao)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)業控(kong)制等行業，因(yin)為這(zhe)些領(ling)域(yu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦一(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)允許出(chu)現(xian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象。

(2)后備式

后備式又稱為(wei)非在(zai)線式不間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(Off-Line UPS)，它只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)“備援”性質的UPS，市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直(zhi)接(jie)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備也為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(Normal Mode)，一(yi)旦市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)品質不穩(wen)或停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的回路會自動(dong)切(qie)斷，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會被轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)手供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的任務(Battery Mode)，直(zhi)到市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復正常，“UPS只(zhi)有在(zai)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了才會介(jie)入供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”，不過從直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)的交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)方波，只(zhi)限(xian)于供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容型負載，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦和(he)監視(shi)器。

平(ping)時(shi)處于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)，在(zai)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)逆變器緊急切(qie)換(huan)(huan)到工作(zuo)狀態(tai)，將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉變為(wei)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)輸出，因此后(hou)(hou)備(bei)式UPS也被(bei)稱為(wei)離線式UPS。后(hou)(hou)備(bei)式UPS電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點是：運(yun)行效率(lv)高(gao)、噪音低、價格(ge)相對便宜，主(zhu)要適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)市電(dian)(dian)波動(dong)不(bu)大，對供(gong)電(dian)(dian)質量要求不(bu)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)場合(he)，比較適(shi)合(he)家庭使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。然而這(zhe)種UPS存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)個(ge)切(qie)換(huan)(huan)時(shi)間問(wen)題，因此不(bu)適(shi)合(he)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)關鍵性的(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)不(bu)能中斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)場所。不(bu)過實際(ji)上這(zhe)個(ge)切(qie)換(huan)(huan)時(shi)間很(hen)短，一(yi)般(ban)介于(yu)2至(zhi)10毫秒，而計算(suan)機本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)換(huan)(huan)式電(dian)(dian)源供(gong)應器在(zai)斷電(dian)(dian)時(shi)應可(ke)(ke)維持10毫秒左右，所以個(ge)人(ren)計算(suan)機系(xi)統一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)會因為(wei)這(zhe)個(ge)切(qie)換(huan)(huan)時(shi)間而出現問(wen)題。后(hou)(hou)備(bei)式UPS一(yi)般(ban)只能持續供(gong)電(dian)(dian)幾分鐘到幾十分鐘，主(zhu)要是讓您有時(shi)間備(bei)份數據，并盡快結束手(shou)頭工作(zuo)，其價格(ge)也較低。對不(bu)是太關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)腦應用(yong)(yong)，比如個(ge)人(ren)家庭用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)，就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)配(pei)小(xiao)功(gong)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)備(bei)式UPS。

(3)線上交錯式

線(xian)(xian)(xian)上交錯式(shi)(shi)又稱為線(xian)(xian)(xian)上互動式(shi)(shi)或在線(xian)(xian)(xian)互動式(shi)(shi)(Line-Interactive UPS)，基本(ben)運(yun)作方式(shi)(shi)和(he)離(li)線(xian)(xian)(xian)式(shi)(shi)一樣，不(bu)同之處在于(yu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)上交錯式(shi)(shi)雖不(bu)像在線(xian)(xian)(xian)式(shi)(shi)全(quan)程介入(ru)供電，但(dan)隨(sui)時都在監視市(shi)電的(de)(de)(de)供電狀況，本(ben)身具(ju)備升(sheng)壓和(he)減(jian)壓補償電路，在市(shi)電的(de)(de)(de)供電狀況不(bu)理想時，即時校正，減(jian)少(shao)不(bu)必要的(de)(de)(de)“Battery Mode”切換(huan)，延長電池(chi)壽命。

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