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政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大是信息(xi)時(shi)代支撐政(zheng)(zheng)府部(bu)門日(ri)常(chang)運轉的重要(yao)基礎設(she)(she)施，對(dui)提升政(zheng)(zheng)府部(bu)門信息(xi)化水平、推進 互聯網+ 政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)服務(wu)(wu)發展、提高(gao)政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)開發利用能(neng)力(li)，以及(ji)推進社會治理能(neng)力(li)和治理體系現代化都(dou)(dou)具有重要(yao)意(yi)義。這兩年來，我國各地對(dui)政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大數據中心建(jian)設(she)(she)亦(yi)非(fei)常(chang)重視，都(dou)(dou)在不斷加強(qiang)規劃設(she)(she)計、加緊推進建(jian)設(she)(she)，但(dan)同時(shi)，一哄(hong)而上，重復建(jian)設(she)(she)、投資浪費、產(chan)能(neng)過剩等(deng)現象也十分突出，亟需規范。
時(shi)下，地方政(zheng)(zheng)府紛紛推進政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)大(da)(da)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)建設(she)。從省(sheng)級層(ceng)面(mian)看(kan)(kan)，在(zai)全國(guo)31個(ge)省(sheng)市自(zi)治區中(zhong)，已(yi)有12個(ge)基本(ben)建成(cheng)省(sheng)級政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)大(da)(da)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，15個(ge)正(zheng)在(zai)建設(she)，4個(ge)正(zheng)在(zai)規(gui)劃。從服務(wu)屬(shu)性來看(kan)(kan)，其中(zhong)24個(ge)設(she)計(ji)為(wei)單(dan)一的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)大(da)(da)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，7個(ge)設(she)計(ji)為(wei) 政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)+行業+產業 云平臺。從投資(zi)模式來看(kan)(kan)，已(yi)基本(ben)建成(cheng)的(de)12個(ge)省(sheng)級政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)大(da)(da)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)中(zhong)，有6個(ge)由(you)政(zheng)(zheng)府直接投資(zi)，4個(ge)由(you)省(sheng)國(guo)有企業出資(zi)，2個(ge)由(you)省(sheng)國(guo)有企業和(he)其它(ta)企業合資(zi)建設(she)。從地市和(he)縣區層(ceng)面(mian)看(kan)(kan)，全國(guo)有40%以上(shang)的(de)地市、20%以上(shang)縣區，正(zheng)在(zai)或計(ji)劃開展本(ben)地的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)大(da)(da)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)建設(she)。
地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)在政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)中心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)能夠(gou)投入極(ji)大(da)(da)熱(re)情，其(qi)原因在于(yu)將其(qi)作為地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)推(tui)(tui)動政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)應(ying)用和促進(jin)產業發(fa)展(zhan)的重(zhong)要基(ji)礎(chu)與(yu)抓手。一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)希(xi)(xi)望通過建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)中心(xin)(xin)為政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)云、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)等(deng)應(ying)用提供信(xin)(xin)息(xi)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施，支撐基(ji)礎(chu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫、主題數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫和業務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)庫等(deng)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)資源(yuan)體系建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，推(tui)(tui)動政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)系統(tong)(tong)統(tong)(tong)籌集中建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)資源(yuan)共享(xiang)交(jiao)換和公共信(xin)(xin)息(xi)資源(yuan)開放，進(jin)而釋放政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)紅利(li)，全面(mian)(mian)(mian)提升地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)經(jing)濟社(she)(she)會的發(fa)展(zhan)水平。另一方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，它還(huan)希(xi)(xi)望基(ji)于(yu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)中心(xin)(xin)拓展(zhan)社(she)(she)會服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)能力，發(fa)展(zhan)交(jiao)通、物流、旅游、工業、商務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)各類行(xing)業應(ying)用，推(tui)(tui)動行(xing)業服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)提檔和傳統(tong)(tong)產業升級，激發(fa)大(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)領域的創新創業熱(re)情，打(da)造本地(di)、大(da)(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)產業生態圈(quan)。
然而(er)，由于(yu)(yu)有些地(di)(di)方政(zheng)府對(dui)于(yu)(yu)政(zheng)務(wu)大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心建(jian)設(she)前期缺乏實(shi)(shi)際、深入和詳實(shi)(shi)的(de)調(diao)研工作，并(bing)且對(dui)大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)及云計算應(ying)用的(de)特點、規律了(le)解不夠，使得政(zheng)務(wu)大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心建(jian)設(she)初步顯(xian)現出應(ying)用需求未明，盲目(mu)確定(ding)建(jian)設(she)規模政(zheng)務(wu)大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)心的(de)服務(wu)器數(shu)(shu)量(liang)規模已成為各地(di)(di)政(zheng)府追逐和比拼的(de)重(zhong)要指標(biao)；重(zhong)建(jian)設(she)輕運維，建(jian)設(she)成效(xiao)難以(yi)發揮(hui)；企業介(jie)入過多(duo)，規劃設(she)計不盡科學(xue)等三方面問題。
為(wei)此，應(ying)加強(qiang)(qiang)對政(zheng)(zheng)務大(da)數(shu)據(ju)中心建設(she)(she)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)立(li)項(xiang)審(shen)批管理。不但要(yao)編(bian)制(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)務大(da)數(shu)據(ju)中心投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)建設(she)(she)指南，為(wei)各地建設(she)(she)政(zheng)(zheng)務大(da)數(shu)據(ju)中心提供建設(she)(she)規模(mo)(mo)測(ce)算、造(zao)價評估(gu)、體系架構、安全(quan)保障等(deng)方面的(de)參(can)考(kao)與經(jing)驗借鑒，還要(yao)建立(li)政(zheng)(zheng)務大(da)數(shu)據(ju)中心項(xiang)目(mu)立(li)項(xiang)審(shen)查(cha)工作(zuo)機制(zhi)，由政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)辦公廳、發改委、工業和信(xin)息化等(deng)部門聯合加強(qiang)(qiang)項(xiang)目(mu)管理，嚴格審(shen)查(cha)項(xiang)目(mu)建設(she)(she)需(xu)求(qiu)和規模(mo)(mo)，杜絕(jue)同類項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)重復(fu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)建設(she)(she)，確保基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施類和基礎(chu)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)類項(xiang)目(mu)統建共享(xiang)。同時加強(qiang)(qiang)對項(xiang)目(mu)可行性研究(jiu)論證(zheng)，按(an)照 隨(sui)機、公開(kai) 的(de)原則，隨(sui)機抽取論證(zheng)專家評估(gu)的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)務大(da)數(shu)據(ju)中心項(xiang)目(mu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)(zi)模(mo)(mo)式、建設(she)(she)模(mo)(mo)式、運營(ying)模(mo)(mo)式、運維模(mo)(mo)式等(deng)，并將論證(zheng)結(jie)果(guo)上網公開(kai)，長期接受社會監督和意見反(fan)饋。
應完善政務(wu)(wu)大數據(ju)中心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)的評估(gu)(gu)、考(kao)核和(he)審計機制(zhi)。除了建(jian)(jian)立政務(wu)(wu)大數據(ju)中心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)全(quan)生命(ming)周期評估(gu)(gu)機制(zhi)，加強(qiang)對項目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設需求(qiu)、可行性研究、投(tou)資(zi)規(gui)模、實(shi)施方(fang)(fang)案(an)、服務(wu)(wu)能(neng)力、運(yun)維(wei)質量、經濟效(xiao)益和(he)社(she)會效(xiao)益等的全(quan)方(fang)(fang)位(wei)評估(gu)(gu)，還要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立政務(wu)(wu)大數據(ju)中心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)責任機制(zhi)，明(ming)確項目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設、承建(jian)(jian)、運(yun)營和(he)運(yun)維(wei)等各方(fang)(fang)責任，強(qiang)化項目(mu)責任人的首要(yao)責任和(he)終身責任機制(zhi)。此外要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立政務(wu)(wu)大數據(ju)中心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)績效(xiao)考(kao)核機制(zhi)以及政務(wu)(wu)大數據(ju)中心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)審計、倒查和(he)問責機制(zhi)。
應推動政務(wu)(wu)大(da)數據中心項目建設(she)和(he)運營(ying)模式創新。比如(ru)鼓勵系統集(ji)成商(shang)(shang)牽頭，聯合基礎(chu)硬件平臺建設(she)商(shang)(shang)、網絡服務(wu)(wu)接入提供商(shang)(shang)、軟件信(xin)息(xi)服務(wu)(wu)運營(ying)商(shang)(shang)等產業鏈關鍵環節企(qi)業共同參與(yu)建設(she)，構(gou)建利益共享和(he)風險分(fen)擔機制，明(ming)確各方的任務(wu)(wu)分(fen)工(gong)和(he)責任，構(gou)建共同運維服務(wu)(wu)保(bao)障(zhang)機制，避免發生一旦出現(xian)技術問題(ti)就相互推諉的情況。
還應加(jia)大(da)對大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、云(yun)計算(suan)產業發展(zhan)的監(jian)管力度。一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)統(tong)籌規劃政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)設，加(jia)強國內政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)頂層(ceng)(ceng)設計，綜(zong)合考(kao)慮政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)需求、政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)級、產業支(zhi)撐(cheng)、能(neng)源稟賦等(deng)各(ge)類要(yao)素，優化全(quan)國政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)設布局，防止政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)設出現各(ge)省、市、縣一(yi)(yi)哄而上和(he)(he) 遍地開(kai)花(hua) 的現象，鼓勵市縣共(gong)建(jian)(jian)、共(gong)享(xiang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)；另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)(mian)定(ding)期(qi)開(kai)展(zhan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)績(ji)效(xiao)評估和(he)(he)監(jian)督檢查，摸(mo)清(qing)投資(zi)建(jian)(jian)設和(he)(he)運營狀況，聯合相(xiang)關(guan)部門(men)定(ding)期(qi)開(kai)展(zhan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)清(qing)理(li)整頓專項(xiang)行動，及時關(guan)閉、騰退和(he)(he)轉(zhuan)手空(kong)置浪費(fei)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)、運營效(xiao)益低(di)(di)下(xia)、存(cun)在重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患的政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)。同時要(yao)建(jian)(jian)立政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)項(xiang)目建(jian)(jian)設服務(wu)(wu)提(ti)供商行業黑名單制度，及時將那些在全(quan)國大(da)量建(jian)(jian)設投資(zi)與實(shi)際(ji)需求嚴重(zhong)(zhong)不匹配(pei)、裝配(pei)服務(wu)(wu)器空(kong)置嚴重(zhong)(zhong)、日常運營效(xiao)益低(di)(di)下(xia)、安(an)全(quan)隱(yin)患重(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)的政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)務(wu)(wu)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)服務(wu)(wu)提(ti)供商納入黑名單，實(shi)行多部門(men)聯合懲戒和(he)(he)網絡公(gong)開(kai)通報制度，并(bing)降(jiang)低(di)(di)其服務(wu)(wu)資(zi)質等(deng)級。
文章編輯：CobiNet(寧波)
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