從現(xian)階段智(zhi)能(neng)化建(jian)筑弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)綜合(he)布(bu)線(xian)(xian)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展現(xian)狀而(er)(er)言(yan)，行(xing)業內主要存在(zai)(zai)著兩(liang)種關于弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)綜合(he)布(bu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。一(yi)種方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)思想是將現(xian)代建(jian)筑內所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)與弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有(you)關的(de)(de)(de)系統都建(jian)立在(zai)(zai)綜合(he)性(xing)、結(jie)構性(xing)布(bu)線(xian)(xian)工程(cheng)所搭建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)臺上。簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)說，就是用結(jie)構性(xing)布(bu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)式全(quan)面取(qu)代長期堅持的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)布(bu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。另一(yi)種方(fang)(fang)法(fa)，則(ze)倡(chang)導(dao)將計算機網絡布(bu)線(xian)(xian)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話配(pei)線(xian)(xian)等內容也吸(xi)納到結(jie)構化綜合(he)布(bu)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)中，而(er)(er)弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統的(de)(de)(de)相關部(bu)分不(bu)進(jin)行(xing)改變，仍采用傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)布(bu)線(xian)(xian)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。兩(liang)種方(fang)(fang)法(fa)孰(shu)優(you)孰(shu)劣(lie)，行(xing)業內存在(zai)(zai)著不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)看法(fa)和觀點，在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)過程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)具體選(xuan)取(qu)情(qing)況也不(bu)盡相同。

1、弱(ruo)電結構化(hua)綜(zong)合布線方案的突(tu)出優勢

綜合布線系統可全面(mian)實現對(dui)建筑物(wu)內各種(zhong)設備、通信(xin)和辦公系統的(de)綜合管理，是智能(neng)化(hua)系統中(zhong)最重要的(de)內容，關系到(dao)未來的(de)網絡發展及信(xin)息(xi)化(hua)的(de)應(ying)用。設計時不但要充分考(kao)慮到(dao)現階段的(de)通信(xin)業(ye)務、智能(neng)化(hua)功能(neng)的(de)應(ying)用需要，還應(ying)考(kao)慮到(dao)今后(hou)一段時期(qi)內通信(xin)技術的(de)發展和業(ye)務、功能(neng)的(de)擴(kuo)展需求。

其(qi)一，弱電結構(gou)化綜合(he)布線方(fang)案在施工(gong)過程中重視了線纜、插接頭模(mo)塊的(de)標準化處理，在整個建筑內維持統(tong)一，使(shi)得各個樓(lou)(lou)層、同一樓(lou)(lou)層的(de)各個房間的(de)信息(xi)點管理工(gong)作十(shi)分便利。

其(qi)二，弱電(dian)(dian)結(jie)構(gou)化綜合(he)(he)布線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拓(tuo)展能(neng)力較強。目前而(er)言，結(jie)構(gou)化綜合(he)(he)布線(xian)(xian)(xian)能(neng)夠(gou)提(ti)供五類(lei)非屏蔽型雙絞線(xian)(xian)(xian)高達155Mb/s的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳輸能(neng)力。既能(neng)夠(gou)滿足(zu)當前網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)運行的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)，也(ye)為未來的(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)升級提(ti)供了(le)潛在的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大空間。相關工(gong)作(zuo)人員應(ying)(ying)該正(zheng)確看待弱電(dian)(dian)結(jie)構(gou)化綜合(he)(he)布線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個(ge)優(you)點，結(jie)合(he)(he)實際建(jian)筑(zhu)中各弱電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體要求(qiu)加(jia)以應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。在電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、計算機(ji)(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進行布線(xian)(xian)(xian)操作(zuo)時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)該認識到電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、計算機(ji)(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展性和(he)(he)不穩定(ding)性，應(ying)(ying)該為后(hou)續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理和(he)(he)維護(hu)工(gong)作(zuo)提(ti)供便利，盡量(liang)選擇(ze)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)操作(zuo)標準，統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)纜、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)插接頭模(mo)板，優(you)先考慮結(jie)構(gou)化綜合(he)(he)布線(xian)(xian)(xian)操作(zuo)方法。而(er)保安監視(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、廣(guang)播(bo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、有線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、火災(zai)自動(dong)報警系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等其(qi)他弱電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，其(qi)固定(ding)性要顯(xian)著高于電(dian)(dian)話(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)計算機(ji)(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，一(yi)旦設置(zhi)(zhi)完成，它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)很少發生改變。

2、弱電結(jie)構(gou)化綜合布線方案的選(xuan)擇原則

從上(shang)(shang)(shang)述分(fen)析中(zhong)可以(yi)看(kan)出，在(zai)現代顯(xian)著弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)布(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)方案(an)的(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，應該將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、計(ji)(ji)算機系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)配(pei)線(xian)(xian)方案(an)納入到統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)的(de)結構化綜(zong)合布(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)方案(an)中(zhong)，而對于(yu)保(bao)(bao)安監(jian)視系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、廣(guang)播(bo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、有線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、火災自動(dong)報(bao)警(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，它們依然保(bao)(bao)持著相對的(de)獨立(li)性，可以(yi)沿用(yong)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)配(pei)線(xian)(xian)方法(fa)。保(bao)(bao)安監(jian)視系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、廣(guang)播(bo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、有線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、火災自動(dong)報(bao)警(jing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之所以(yi)沿用(yong)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)配(pei)線(xian)(xian)方法(fa)，還(huan)有一(yi)(yi)些其他原因。例如，很多弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)生產上(shang)(shang)(shang)尚未形成市(shi)場(chang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)標準(zhun)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜、插接頭(tou)模塊的(de)選擇上(shang)(shang)(shang)尚未實現市(shi)場(chang)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)，如果這些弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備想要在(zai)綜(zong)合布(bu)(bu)線(xian)(xian)平臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)實現運(yun)行和信息接收，就必須進行設(she)備轉化操作。

3、弱(ruo)電(dian)綜合布線工程的施(shi)工問題和解決(jue)措施(shi)

3.1 施工問題

3.1.1 設計方面的問題

智(zhi)能化建筑弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)綜合(he)布(bu)(bu)線(xian)方案在(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中，所(suo)暴露出的(de)(de)(de)問題主要(yao)有以下(xia)幾點(dian)。其(qi)一(yi)(yi)，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和土建設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸沒(mei)有實(shi)現統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)，影(ying)響了(le)消(xiao)防監(jian)控室安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)位置的(de)(de)(de)科學性(xing)，致使弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)、維護距離不符合(he)國家相關(guan)規(gui)定，后期還需要(yao)按規(gui)定進(jin)行改進(jin)，增加(jia)了(le)二次施工的(de)(de)(de)費用(yong)。其(qi)二，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)布(bu)(bu)線(xian)方案在(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中，平(ping)面圖(tu)與(yu)信(xin)息圖(tu)中傳遞的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息沒(mei)有維持(chi)一(yi)(yi)直(zhi)，導致電(dian)(dian)視(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、電(dian)(dian)話系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息點(dian)、傳感點(dian)、用(yong)戶面板等指標的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)量(liang)上存在(zai)差異。其(qi)三，在(zai)只能建筑弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)綜合(he)布(bu)(bu)線(xian)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)程(cheng)中，設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員遺(yi)(yi)漏了(le)個別控制、信(xin)號的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)點(dian)。例如，優于設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)失誤，建筑的(de)(de)(de)保安(an)(an)(an)監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)與(yu)機電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)點(dian)沒(mei)有設(she)(she)置，如果該連接(jie)點(dian)遺(yi)(yi)漏，在(zai)保安(an)(an)(an)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，就會出現遠程(cheng)無法啟(qi)動(dong)、遠程(cheng)監(jian)測無法進(jin)行、遠程(cheng)數(shu)據無法及時傳輸等相關(guan)問題，使得小區保安(an)(an)(an)監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際(ji)功能大打折扣。

3.1.2 材料設(she)備方面的問(wen)題

（1）采(cai)購(gou)(gou)人員在采(cai)購(gou)(gou)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)設(she)備(bei)時，沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)查看產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)格證(zheng)和(he)出廠證(zheng)明(ming)，購(gou)(gou)買(mai)了質量(liang)不(bu)合(he)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao) ；（2）批量(liang)采(cai)購(gou)(gou)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)時，沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)進行采(cai)購(gou)(gou)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)測試(shi)，材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)不(bu)合(he)格 ；（3）進口材(cai)料(liao)(liao)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)查看合(he)格證(zheng)明(ming)和(he)復試(shi)證(zheng)明(ming) ；（4）材(cai)料(liao)(liao)、設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上市證(zheng)明(ming)確實 ；（5）材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投(tou)放、保養、儲(chu)存沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)按(an)照相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定執行 ；（6）在施(shi)工過程中，所使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)、設(she)備(bei)十分落后；（7）施(shi)工過程中所使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)、結(jie)(jie)(jie)構組(zu)網(wang)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)達標；（8）個別(bie)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢驗結(jie)(jie)(jie)果不(bu)合(he)格，個別(bie)組(zu)網(wang)測試(shi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果不(bu)合(he)格。

3.1.3 各(ge)個子(zi)系(xi)統之間的接口問題

智能建筑弱電設(she)備之(zhi)間(jian)存在(zai)著受控(kong)設(she)備與控(kong)制(zhi)器之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)接(jie)口(kou)(kou)問題。但是(shi)在(zai)實際的(de)工(gong)程實施(shi)過程中，接(jie)口(kou)(kou)問題也是(shi)很難(nan)解決的(de)問題。主要存在(zai)各個承包商之(zhi)間(jian)相互推脫責任、接(jie)口(kou)(kou)技術不成熟(shu)、缺乏(fa)統一(yi)質量要求標準等(deng)突出(chu)問題。如果接(jie)口(kou)(kou)處(chu)(chu)不能妥善處(chu)(chu)理(li)，最直(zhi)接(jie)的(de)影響就是(shi)接(jie)口(kou)(kou)不良，影響信息傳遞和信號(hao)輸出(chu)。

3.2 解決措施

3.2.1 設計審查

為了確保只能建(jian)筑(zhu)弱(ruo)電(dian)綜(zong)合布(bu)線(xian)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)施(shi)工質量，必須提高弱(ruo)電(dian)綜(zong)合布(bu)線(xian)工程(cheng)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)科(ke)學性。方(fang)(fang)案設(she)計(ji)(ji)人(ren)員應該(gai)(gai)以(yi)建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)實際(ji)情況(kuang)為基(ji)礎，選(xuan)擇合理的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)案。一(yi)般(ban)而言，在電(dian)話(hua)系(xi)統(tong)、計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)系(xi)統(tong)進(jin)行布(bu)線(xian)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)時(shi)，應該(gai)(gai)認識(shi)到電(dian)話(hua)系(xi)統(tong)、計(ji)(ji)算(suan)機(ji)網(wang)絡(luo)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)發展性和(he)不穩(wen)定性，應該(gai)(gai)為后續的(de)(de)管理和(he)維護工作(zuo)提供便(bian)利，盡(jin)量選(xuan)擇統(tong)一(yi)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)，統(tong)一(yi)線(xian)纜(lan)、統(tong)一(yi)插接頭模板，優先考慮結構化綜(zong)合布(bu)線(xian)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。而保安監視(shi)系(xi)統(tong)、廣播系(xi)統(tong)、有線(xian)電(dian)視(shi)系(xi)統(tong)、火災(zai)自動報警系(xi)統(tong)等(deng)其(qi)他弱(ruo)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，可沿(yan)用傳統(tong)的(de)(de)布(bu)線(xian)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。設(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)案完成后，工程(cheng)監理人(ren)員應該(gai)(gai)以(yi)國家相關標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)為核(he)查(cha)(cha)依據，對(dui)弱(ruo)電(dian)綜(zong)合布(bu)線(xian)工程(cheng)進(jin)行核(he)查(cha)(cha)。監理人(ren)員應該(gai)(gai)及時(shi)將核(he)查(cha)(cha)出的(de)(de)問題傳遞給(gei)相關的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)單(dan)位，以(yi)便(bian)及時(shi)調整或修(xiu)改弱(ruo)電(dian)綜(zong)合布(bu)線(xian)方(fang)(fang)案。

3.2.2 材(cai)料質量控(kong)制

（1）認真審核材(cai)(cai)料(liao)、設備(bei)的供應(ying)單(dan)位的銷售(shou)資(zi)格(ge)(ge)、代(dai)理資(zi)格(ge)(ge)，不采購(gou)來路不明的材(cai)(cai)料(liao) ；（2）認真測(ce)試材(cai)(cai)料(liao)、設備(bei)的樣(yang)品(pin)，對產品(pin)的性能(neng)、功(gong)能(neng)、外觀、包裝進(jin)(jin)行測(ce)試 ；（3）批量采購(gou)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)時，應(ying)該(gai)(gai)加強抽查，防止次品(pin)、不合(he)格(ge)(ge)品(pin)混入其 ；（4）采購(gou)而(er)來的材(cai)(cai)料(liao)應(ying)該(gai)(gai)妥善保管(guan)，選派專人(ren)進(jin)(jin)行管(guan)理，防止因儲存不當(dang)而(er)影響使用。

3.2.3 實(shi)現(xian)監理(li)工作的全程化

智能建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)弱(ruo)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程不同(tong)于(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)業的(de)其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。從(cong)性質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上看，智能建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)弱(ruo)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)布線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)是單件的(de)、非(fei)重(zhong)復產(chan)品。在(zai)設計和(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應該(gai)一次性滿足用戶所提(ti)出(chu)的(de)所有需求。鑒于(yu)此種情況，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)施過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應該(gai)樹立全(quan)面(mian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理理念(nian)。在(zai)弱(ruo)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，應該(gai)隨(sui)時隨(sui)地注定(ding)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理，定(ding)期進行(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢查(cha)，不能直(zhi)到最后的(de)調試階段才開(kai)始重(zhong)視工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。實(shi)際上，智能建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)弱(ruo)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)施過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，存在(zai)著(zhu)很(hen)多隱蔽的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)。如果在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒有及時檢查(cha)，更正(zheng)，在(zai)后期的(de)裝修(xiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)完成后，很(hen)難發現問(wen)題(ti)所在(zai)。因此，本(ben)文建(jian)議(yi)弱(ruo)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)檢查(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)必須加強跟蹤，全(quan)面(mian)覆蓋(gai)；及時排查(cha)各類(lei)技(ji)術問(wen)題(ti)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)題(ti)，全(quan)面(mian)提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

文章編輯：CobiNet(寧波)  
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