蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)設計(ji)和生產工(gong)(gong)藝決(jue)定了(le)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)固有可靠性(xing)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)使用維護則是(shi)保(bao)證(zheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)可靠性(xing)基礎。通過(guo)UPS電(dian)(dian)源維修工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中的(de)(de)統計(ji)可以(yi)得出這樣的(de)(de)結論：對(dui)于(yu)后(hou)備式UPS電(dian)(dian)源，由(you)(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)引(yin)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)超(chao)過(guo)了(le)總故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)50%；對(dui)于(yu)在線式UPS，因(yin)為它的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路設計(ji)合理，特別是(shi)隨著科(ke)學(xue)技術的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，大多數(shu)都采用了(le)集成化、模塊化、智(zhi)能化的(de)(de)UPS電(dian)(dian)源，并(bing)且所配置的(de)(de)后(hou)備容量都比較大，因(yin)而(er)由(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)源而(er)引(yin)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)很少，相比之(zhi)下由(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)所引(yin)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)上升(sheng)到60%以(yi)上。

通(tong)過(guo)UPS電源(yuan)維(wei)修工(gong)作中的(de)(de)(de)(de)統計(ji)可(ke)以得出這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)論：對(dui)于(yu)后備式UPS電源(yuan)，由(you)蓄電池(chi)引(yin)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)超過(guo)了(le)總故障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)50%；對(dui)于(yu)在(zai)線式UPS，因為(wei)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電路設(she)計(ji)合理，特(te)別是隨著科學技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，大(da)多數都采用了(le)集(ji)成(cheng)化、模塊化、智能化的(de)(de)(de)(de)UPS電源(yuan)，并且(qie)所(suo)配置的(de)(de)(de)(de)后備容量都比較大(da)，因而(er)由(you)電源(yuan)而(er)引(yin)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)很少，相比之(zhi)下(xia)由(you)電池(chi)組(zu)所(suo)引(yin)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故障(zhang)上(shang)升到60%以上(shang)。可(ke)見，正確使用和維(wei)護好蓄電池(chi)是延長蓄電池(chi)組(zu)壽命、降低UPS電源(yuan)故障(zhang)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵因素。

簡單地說(shuo)，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)有三個特點(dian)：規模(mo)大(da)、造價高、消耗性(xing)強(qiang)。你(ni)能做的(de)(de)只是想(xiang)方設法去(qu)延(yan)長蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)，事實上也(ye)就增(zeng)加了的(de)(de)可用(yong)(yong)性(xing)。這里介紹數(shu)據中心(xin)(xin)設備(bei)經(jing)理們(men)拓(tuo)展其(qi)數(shu)據中心(xin)(xin)UPS蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)四(si)項措施。

為數據中(zhong)心選購(gou)規模(mo)適中(zhong)的(de)UPS蓄電池

在大(da)多數數據(ju)中(zhong)心中(zhong)，UPS都可以(yi)在20分鐘內將蓄電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)滿。這被稱之為高負荷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，相比較低負荷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)而言，高負荷充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的電(dian)池板更薄、數量更多，但是(shi)，高負荷蓄電(dian)池的使用壽(shou)命往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)更短(duan)。

在選購(gou)UPS蓄電(dian)池時還(huan)會有許(xu)多其它(ta)因素需要考慮(lv)(lv)，比如說(shuo)平均壽命(ming)、電(dian)壓規范、前端控制、附帶成本及其它(ta)一些考慮(lv)(lv)因素。此外(wai)，數據中心經(jing)理們(men)還(huan)要考慮(lv)(lv)到其它(ta)一些潛在的問題(ti)，比如說(shuo)電(dian)池密封(feng)和(he)內(nei)部(bu)連(lian)接等問題(ti)。

正確地安裝(zhuang)、運(yun)行和(he)維(wei)護蓄電池

錯誤(wu)的(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)及維(wei)(wei)護會縮短蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命。所謂良好(hao)的(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)護措施，就是要給蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供良好(hao)的(de)(de)通(tong)風條件，溫度(du)(du)盡可能(neng)控(kong)制在77華(hua)氏度(du)(du)左右，同(tong)時確保到達所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)中(zhong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣溫度(du)(du)都在3華(hua)氏度(du)(du)左右，此外(wai)，還應該(gai)確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)一些(xie)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)老化速度(du)(du)不(bu)會比其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)快太(tai)多(duo)。

這(zhe)是為什么呢？將不同(tong)(tong)使用時(shi)間和(he)內電阻大小(xiao)不同(tong)(tong)的蓄(xu)電池(chi)混(hun)合使用會加速其老化(hua)過程。對蓄(xu)電池(chi)進行定期檢查可以解決諸如注液電池(chi)連(lian)接(jie)松散及密(mi)封不良等多種(zhong)問題，而這(zhe)些問題會導致設備被腐蝕，甚至(zhi)是釀成火(huo)災。

此外，數據(ju)中心管理(li)者們(men)還(huan)應該(gai)隨時關注蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態。如(ru)果一臺空電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在48小時內沒有被充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)基本上會報廢(fei)。對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會導致重(zhong)復(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)問題，而過度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)會降(jiang)低蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命。

對UPS蓄電池容(rong)量進行監(jian)測(ce)

受到腐蝕等因素的影響，蓄(xu)電池(chi)的內電阻(zu)會(hui)逐漸(jian)增(zeng)(zeng)大，當(dang)其(qi)增(zeng)(zeng)加量(liang)達到30%之(zhi)后(hou)，就該(gai)對其(qi)進行(xing)替(ti)換(huan)了(le)(le)。通過容(rong)量(liang)測試，這個問題很容(rong)易被發現，就像大多數(shu)制造(zao)商所(suo)講的那(nei)樣，當(dang)一臺蓄(xu)電池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)降到它原始容(rong)量(liang)的80%之(zhi)后(hou)，就應該(gai)更換(huan)了(le)(le)。用戶在對其(qi)蓄(xu)電池(chi)性(xing)能和容(rong)量(liang)進行(xing)測試時，應該(gai)基于IEEE標準，最好(hao)是IEEE1180或IEEE450.

定期充放電

UPS長(chang)期處(chu)于(yu)浮充狀態(tai)(tai)而沒有(you)放電(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程，相當于(yu)處(chu)在 儲存(cun)(cun)(cun)待用(yong) 狀態(tai)(tai)。如(ru)果(guo)這(zhe)種(zhong)狀態(tai)(tai)持續的(de)時(shi)間過(guo)(guo)長(chang)，則會造成蓄電(dian)(dian)池因儲存(cun)(cun)(cun)過(guo)(guo)久(jiu)而失效報廢。這(zhe)主(zhu)要表現為蓄電(dian)(dian)池內(nei)阻增大，嚴重(zhong)時(shi)內(nei)阻可達幾歐姆(mu)。在室溫（20%3）下，存(cun)(cun)(cun)儲一個月后蓄電(dian)(dian)池可供(gong)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)為其額(e)定值的(de)97%左(zuo)右，如(ru)果(guo)儲存(cun)(cun)(cun)6個月不用(yong)，它(ta)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)則變為額(e)定容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)80%.如(ru)果(guo)儲存(cun)(cun)(cun)溫度升高，它(ta)的(de)可使(shi)用(yong)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)還會進(jin)一步降低。因此建議用(yong)產最(zui)好(hao)每(mei)隔一個月有(you)意的(de)中斷市(shi)電(dian)(dian)輸入，讓(rang)UPS工作(zuo)于(yu)由蓄電(dian)(dian)池向逆變器提供(gong)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)狀態(tai)(tai)。但這(zhe)種(zhong)操作(zuo)不宜(yi)時(shi)間過(guo)(guo)長(chang)，在負載(zai)額(e)定輸出的(de)30%左(zuo)右時(shi)放電(dian)(dian)10分鐘即可。

減少深度放電

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使用壽命與(yu)它被放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)深(shen)度(du)密切相(xiang)關(guan)。UPS所(suo)帶的(de)負載越(yue)輕，市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷(duan)時，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)可供使用容量(liang)與(yu)其額定容量(liang)的(de)比值越(yue)大(da)。當(dang)UPS因蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低(di)而自(zi)動關(guan)機時，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池被放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)深(shen)度(du)就比較深(shen)。實際應用中減(jian)少(shao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池深(shen)度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)式是：當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷(duan)，改由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池向逆(ni)變器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，當(dang)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源報警(jing)時，說(shuo)明蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池已處(chu)于深(shen)度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，應立即進(jin)行(xing)應急處(chu)理，關(guan)閉(bi)UPS.如果不(bu)是迫不(bu)得已，一般不(bu)要(yao)讓(rang)UPS一直(zhi)工作到(dao)因蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低(di)而自(zi)動關(guan)機。

利用電谷時充電

對于UPS長(chang)(chang)期處(chu)于市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)或頻繁停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的用戶(hu)來說(shuo)，為防止(zhi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池因長(chang)(chang)期充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足而過早損(sun)壞，應充(chong)(chong)分(fen)利用用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)谷時(shi)(shi)（如深夜時(shi)(shi)間）對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，以保證(zheng)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在每次放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之后(hou)(hou)有足夠的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間。一般蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池被(bei)深度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)，再充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之至(zhi)額(e)定容量的90%至(zhi)少需要10-12h.盡量使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池處(chu)于充(chong)(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)。

減少深度放電

蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)與(yu)它被(bei)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)密切相關。UPS所帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)負載越(yue)輕，市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷(duan)時，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可供(gong)使用(yong)(yong)容量與(yu)其(qi)額定容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)比值越(yue)大(da)。當UPS因(yin)(yin)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)低(di)(di)而自動(dong)(dong)關機時，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)被(bei)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)度(du)就比較(jiao)深(shen)。實際應用(yong)(yong)中減少(shao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)深(shen)度(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式是：當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷(duan)，改由(you)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)向逆變器(qi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，當UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源報警時，說明蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已(yi)(yi)處(chu)于深(shen)度(du)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，應立即(ji)進行(xing)應急(ji)處(chu)理，關閉UPS.如(ru)果不(bu)是迫不(bu)得已(yi)(yi)，一(yi)般(ban)不(bu)要讓UPS一(yi)直工作到因(yin)(yin)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)低(di)(di)而自動(dong)(dong)關機。

利用電谷時充電

對(dui)于(yu)(yu)UPS長期處(chu)于(yu)(yu)市電(dian)(dian)低電(dian)(dian)壓供(gong)電(dian)(dian)狀態或頻繁(fan)停電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)用戶(hu)來說(shuo)，為(wei)防止蓄電(dian)(dian)池因(yin)長期充(chong)電(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)而過(guo)早損壞，應充(chong)分利(li)用用電(dian)(dian)谷時(shi)（如深夜時(shi)間）對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，以保證(zheng)蓄電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)每次放電(dian)(dian)之后有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。一般蓄電(dian)(dian)池被深度放電(dian)(dian)后，再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)之至額定(ding)容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)90%至少需要10-12h.盡量(liang)使蓄電(dian)(dian)池處(chu)于(yu)(yu)充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)狀態。

注意充電器的選擇

UPS用(yong)的(de)免維護密(mi)封(feng)鉛酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池不(bu)能用(yong)可(ke)控(kong)硅式(shi)的(de)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)是因(yin)為這(zhe)種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)會(hui)造成(cheng)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池同(tong)時處(chu)于(yu)既瞬(shun)時過(guo)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)又瞬(shun)時過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)惡劣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)。這(zhe)種狀態(tai)會(hui)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)供使(shi)用(yong)容(rong)(rong)量大大下降，嚴重時會(hui)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池報廢。在(zai)采用(yong)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)截止型充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路的(de)UPS時，注意不(bu)要(yao)將蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)低保護工(gong)作點調的(de)過(guo)低，否則在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)期容(rong)(rong)易產生過(guo)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。最好選用(yong)既具有(you)恒(heng)流(liu)又有(you)恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)對其進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

文章編輯：CobiNet(寧波(bo))，本公司專注于(yu)電訊配件,銅(tong)纜綜合布線(xian)系(xi)列領域產品(pin)研發(fa)生(sheng)產超五(wu)類，六類,七類屏蔽網線(xian)/屏蔽模塊(kuai)及相關(guan)模塊(kuai)配件,歡(huan)迎(ying)來電咨詢0574 88168918,網址(zhi)aliance.cn

我們是萬兆屏蔽模塊，10G屏蔽模塊，屏蔽線生產廠家。