不(bu)間斷(duan)電(dian)源(UPS)在(zai)通信領(ling)域應用十分(fen)廣泛。在(zai)通信機房(fang)中安裝UPS(不(bu)間斷(duan)電(dian)源)供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)越來越普遍。一個設(she)計(ji)良好的UPS供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)能給負載提供(gong)優質(zhi)電(dian)源。如(ru)何建立(li)一個合(he)理的、安全(quan)的UPS供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)成為大家關注的問題。筆者(zhe)從UPS供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)配置各方面進行論述，以供(gong)同行參考。

1對UPS前(qian)級供電系統的要求

UPS可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)向負(fu)載提供(gong)(gong)穩壓精度高、穩頻、波形(xing)失(shi)真度小(xiao)的高質量電源，并且(qie)在(zai)與靜態旁路切換時(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)做到供(gong)(gong)電無間斷。但要做到這點，它的前級(ji)供(gong)(gong)電質量不容忽視。我(wo)們在(zai)設(she)計通信機房前級(ji)供(gong)(gong)電系統時(shi)，應考慮以(yi)(yi)下幾個方面：

(1)前級供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統電(dian)源質量不(bu)宜太(tai)差，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)及頻(pin)率應(ying)穩定(ding)在(zai)正(zheng)常范(fan)圍(wei)。一(yi)般地講(jiang)，大(da)容(rong)量UPS主機輸入(ru)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)范(fan)圍(wei)應(ying)為380V±15％。電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)低，將(jiang)使UPS備用電(dian)池(chi)頻(pin)繁放(fang)電(dian)，最終因(yin)(yin)長期處于欠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)電(dian)狀態(tai)而大(da)大(da)縮短(duan)它的(de)(de)使用壽命；相反，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)過(guo)高，則易(yi)引起逆變器(qi)損壞。對于旁(pang)路(lu)輸入(ru)，其電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)頻(pin)率波(bo)動也有一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)，一(yi)般為額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)±10％，額(e)定(ding)頻(pin)率±15％。如果(guo)前級電(dian)源變化范(fan)圍(wei)過(guo)大(da)，就會導(dao)致逆變器(qi)和(he)旁(pang)路(lu)電(dian)源之間的(de)(de)切換被禁止或(huo)有間斷。因(yin)(yin)此，如果(guo)通(tong)信機’房的(de)(de)前級電(dian)網在(zai)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)范(fan)圍(wei)上達不(bu)到要求，應(ying)在(zai)UPS前級配置合適的(de)(de)抗干(gan)擾(rao)交流穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源，但不(bu)宜采(cai)用電(dian)子管(guan)型交流穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)或(huo)磁飽和(he)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，因(yin)(yin)為這兩類穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)在(zai)開機時可產生瞬(shun)時高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，輸出(chu)波(bo)形失(shi)真度(du)也較大(da)，易(yi)造成UPS故(gu)障。

(2)前級供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中不應當帶有(you)頻(pin)繁啟動(dong)負(fu)載(zai)，比如經常使(shi)用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)梯(ti)，頻(pin)繁開啟的空(kong)調等。原(yuan)因是在這(zhe)些(xie)負(fu)載(zai)開、關機(ji)時會出現瞬間(jian)高低壓，使(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線路(lu)上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波形(xing)失真(zhen)度過大，造(zao)成(cheng)UPS市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)旁路(lu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與逆變器(qi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)誤(wu)動(dong)作，進(jin)而引起(qi)同(tong)步控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)故障。所(suo)以(yi)在條件許可下，宜將(jiang)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源盡可置于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網輸(shu)入的前端。

(3)前級(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統中的(de)交流發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)容量應(ying)適當(dang)放大。大多數(shu)通信機(ji)房(fang)都(dou)備有(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)，以(yi)解決較長(chang)時間停電(dian)(dian)(dian)難以(yi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)問(wen)題。但在配置發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)時，其容量應(ying)考慮(lv)不少于UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源額定(ding)輸(shu)出功(gong)率(lv)的(de)1.5~2倍(bei)，以(yi)保證發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻率(lv)正常，并改善其波形失真度。

2UPS容量的確定

根據負(fu)載容(rong)量(liang)(liang)及性質，選(xuan)擇適當(dang)的(de)UPS，既(ji)可保(bao)證UPS的(de)供電質量(liang)(liang)，降低故障率，又可節省投資，提高經濟效益。一般來說(shuo)，UPS容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)確定主要是要滿足當(dang)前負(fu)載的(de)需要，同時，也要考慮(lv)幾個因素(su)：

(1)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)性(xing)(xing)質對UPS輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。當(dang)前大部分(fen)UPS生產(chan)廠家在(zai)產(chan)品說明書中(zhong)所給的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)都是指負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因數為(wei)(wei)(wei)-0.8(滯(zhi)后)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)值，而UPS電(dian)(dian)源實(shi)際可(ke)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)量(liang)是與負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因數密切相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。當(dang)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)純電(dian)(dian)阻性(xing)(xing)或電(dian)(dian)感性(xing)(xing)時，逆變器在(zai)額定(ding)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)下其有功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)將有所下降。所以在(zai)考慮UPS容量(liang)時，對不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因數要進行功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)折(zhe)算(suan)(suan)。通常(chang)可(ke)作這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)估算(suan)(suan)：假設負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因數為(wei)(wei)(wei)-0.8(滯(zhi)后)時UPS額定(ding)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1kVA，則當(dang)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因數為(wei)(wei)(wei)-0.9和-1.0時，輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)分(fen)別約為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.9～0.92kVA和0.74~0.77kVA。對于(yu)計算(suan)(suan)機類負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)，只(zhi)要負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)峰值系數在(zai)UPS允許的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)內，UPS基本上可(ke)以輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)額定(ding)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)感性(xing)(xing)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)(zai)，則需酌(zhuo)情加大UPS容量(liang)。

(2)UPS容(rong)量較負載(zai)不宜過大(da)，以免使其過度(du)輕(qing)載(zai)運(yun)行。過度(du)輕(qing)載(zai)運(yun)行雖有(you)利于降低逆變(bian)器的損壞(huai)概(gai)率，但可能造(zao)成市電停電時，電池(chi)放電電流過小而放電時間偏(pian)長，在(zai)電池(chi)保護裝置(zhi)故障時，電池(chi)組(zu)被深度(du)放電，而遭永久性損壞(huai)。

(3)UPS容量(liang)不宜過小，以免使其(qi)(qi)長期處于重載運行狀態(tai)。這(zhe)樣(yang)雖(sui)可節省(sheng)一(yi)部分投(tou)資，但由于逆變器(qi)(qi)處于重載運行，其(qi)(qi)輸出波形將(jiang)發(fa)生畸變，輸出電(dian)(dian)壓幅值(zhi)抖動過大。這(zhe)樣(yang)既不能為(wei)負(fu)(fu)載提供優質電(dian)(dian)源，還極(ji)易造成UPS逆變器(qi)(qi)的損(sun)壞(huai)，所以，即使從經(jing)濟(ji)角度講也是得不償失。根據目前(qian)一(yi)些UPS廠家推薦，UPS負(fu)(fu)載量(liang)不宜長期超過其(qi)(qi)額定容量(liang)的80％。

(4)對(dui)于通(tong)(tong)信機房面積較大，負載(zai)不斷分期擴容(rong)的(de)(de)情況，在(zai)首期配(pei)置UPS容(rong)量(liang)時(shi)，應(ying)適當考慮中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遠(yuan)(yuan)期發展趨(qu)勢，并(bing)在(zai)選型中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)挑選可并(bing)機或(huo)多(duo)機運行的(de)(de)機型，以使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遠(yuan)(yuan)期負載(zai)容(rong)量(liang)增大時(shi)，通(tong)(tong)過UPS并(bing)機擴大其輸出容(rong)量(liang)。相應(ying)地，配(pei)置UPS輸入輸出配(pei)電(dian)屏(ping)時(shi)，應(ying)預留多(duo)臺(tai)UPS的(de)(de)輸入開關和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遠(yuan)(yuan)期的(de)(de)負荷分路(lu)開關，以便(bian)于今后擴容(rong)。

3正(zheng)確配(pei)置UPS后備電池

為(wei)保證(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，也能利用(yong)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源繼(ji)續向計算機(ji)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)高質量供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，后備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)配置尤(you)為(wei)重(zhong)要。當負(fu)載不允許(xu)被中供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，通信機(ji)房(fang)內(nei)UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)后備時間(jian)(jian)(jian)應(ying)(ying)大于從市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷到(dao)恢復的(de)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)或到(dao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)正(zheng)常供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所需時間(jian)(jian)(jian)(前級供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)配有(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu))。若此段時間(jian)(jian)(jian)較長(chang)，則應(ying)(ying)配置外接的(de)長(chang)延時的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)，但(dan)此時應(ying)(ying)確認UPS內(nei)部整流器(qi)有(you)能力對(dui)外接大容(rong)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則應(ying)(ying)配置外接充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量選擇應(ying)(ying)遵循以(yi)下原則：即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)必須(xu)在(zai)(zai)后備時間(jian)(jian)(jian)內(nei)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給逆(ni)變器(qi)，且在(zai)(zai)額(e)定(ding)負(fu)載下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不應(ying)(ying)下降(jiang)到(dao)逆(ni)變器(qi)所允許(xu)的(de)最低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以(yi)下。在(zai)(zai)布置機(ji)房(fang)設備排列時，應(ying)(ying)盡量使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)靠近UPS主機(ji)，縮短兩者(zhe)連(lian)線(xian)長(chang)度，增大連(lian)線(xian)截面(mian)積，以(yi)降(jiang)低連(lian)線(xian)自感量和(he)線(xian)路壓(ya)降(jiang)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)可(ke)(ke)安裝在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)柜內(nei)，也可(ke)(ke)安裝在(zai)(zai)敞(chang)開(kai)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)架中，前者(zhe)美觀、整潔，但(dan)對(dui)樓板承重(zhong)要求較高，后者(zhe)可(ke)(ke)分散承重(zhong)，且散熱(re)性好，但(dan)占(zhan)地面(mian)積多(duo)，易(yi)積塵，給維護(hu)帶來不便。

4通過冗(rong)余方式增加供電(dian)可靠(kao)性

為了提高UPS供電的可靠性(xing)，可采用多種UPS冗余連接(jie)方(fang)式(shi)。各種方(fang)式(shi)都(dou)有優缺點，考慮方(fang)案時要根據實際負(fu)載情(qing)況，選擇合適的模式(shi)。冗余連接(jie)方(fang)式(shi)大致有以下三(san)種：

(1)雙機(ji)主從(cong)(cong)式熱(re)備份。將(jiang)作(zuo)為從(cong)(cong)機(ji)的UPSl輸出接到(dao)另一臺(tai)作(zuo)為主機(ji)的UPS2的旁路輸入，正常運行(xing)時由UPS2供(gong)電(dian)，UPSl處于備份。當(dang)UPS2故障時，負載(zai)(zai)切換(huan)至UPS2旁路，由UPSl承擔負載(zai)(zai)供(gong)給任務。此(ci)系(xi)統結構及控制(zhi)簡單(dan)，但存在(zai)以下(xia)缺點：主機(ji)長(chang)時間工作(zuo)，而(er)從(cong)(cong)機(ji)處于長(chang)期待機(ji)狀態，兩機(ji)的元(yuan)件老化程度不均勻(yun)；在(zai)從(cong)(cong)機(ji)供(gong)電(dian)的狀態下(xia)，主機(ji)靜態旁路故障時將(jiang)導致系(xi)統供(gong)電(dian)失敗；系(xi)統負載(zai)(zai)不能超過單(dan)機(ji)容量(liang)且以后無(wu)法擴容。

(2)功率(lv)均(jun)分(fen)并(bing)(bing)(bing)聯(lian)備(bei)份(fen)。該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)將兩臺(tai)或多臺(tai)UPS逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)單(dan)元并(bing)(bing)(bing)聯(lian)運行(xing)，正常時兩臺(tai)(或多臺(tai))逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)同時向負載均(jun)分(fen)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當其中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)臺(tai)故(gu)障時，該UPS從系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)脫離，用戶所需負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，由(you)剩(sheng)余逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)按新的(de)份(fen)額重新分(fen)配供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。此(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)目前有兩種(zhong)(zhong)結構，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)UPS通過(guo)外加并(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)(ji)柜(ju)方(fang)式(shi)并(bing)(bing)(bing)聯(lian)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)(ji)柜(ju)提供(gong)同步及(ji)多機(ji)(ji)均(jun)流(liu)控(kong)制，同時提供(gong)并(bing)(bing)(bing)聯(lian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)總(zong)靜態旁路；另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)在(zai)每臺(tai)UPS內(nei)安裝一(yi)(yi)套邏輯控(kong)制板，控(kong)制各(ge)臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)的(de)同步及(ji)均(jun)流(liu)輸出(chu)。此(ci)方(fang)案的(de)優點是(shi)易于擴(kuo)容(rong)(采用并(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)(ji)柜(ju)方(fang)式(shi)時應將并(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)(ji)柜(ju)按終(zhong)期考慮)，通過(guo)冗余備(bei)份(fen)提高(gao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性，但也存在(zai)缺點：(a)采用并(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)(ji)柜(ju)方(fang)式(shi)的(de)，并(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)(ji)柜(ju)成(cheng)為系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)公共瓶(ping)頸點，一(yi)(yi)旦它內(nei)部失控(kong)或故(gu)障，會(hui)導致整個系(xi)統(tong)(tong)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)失敗(bai)。(b)由(you)于各(ge)臺(tai)UPS輸出(chu)量參數(shu)難以保持完全(quan)一(yi)(yi)致，導致各(ge)UPS在(zai)向負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)同時，還在(zai)UPS內(nei)部的(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)間形成(cheng)環流(liu)。當環流(liu)過(guo)大(da)，將直接危及(ji)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)安全(quan)。此(ci)外，如果各(ge)UPS向負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)差異過(guo)大(da)，將使逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)功率(lv)放(fang)大(da)元件老化(hua)速(su)度失衡，也會(hui)引發故(gu)障。一(yi)(yi)般來說，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)并(bing)(bing)(bing)機(ji)(ji)數(shu)量越多，UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系(xi)統(tong)(tong)發生故(gu)障的(de)概率(lv)也越大(da)。

(3)并聯熱(re)備份。該系統(tong)將(jiang)兩臺UPS的電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組輸(shu)入、整流(liu)器(qi)輸(shu)出及逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出并聯，共用旁路(lu)。正常(chang)時(shi)(shi)兩臺整流(liu)器(qi)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)向兩逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并向兩組電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通過逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)輸(shu)出靜態(tai)開關選(xuan)擇其中(zhong)一臺逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)向負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩臺整流(liu)器(qi)和逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)分(fen)別互為備用。只有當兩臺逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)障時(shi)(shi)，系統(tong)將(jiang)負載(zai)切(qie)至共同(tong)(tong)靜態(tai)旁路(lu)，由市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)繼續向負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。該方案沒有瓶(ping)頸故(gu)(gu)障點(dian)，任何一臺UPS局(ju)部或整體故(gu)(gu)障，系統(tong)仍能繼續向負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于真(zhen)正輸(shu)出只有一臺逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)，故(gu)(gu)也不存在逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)間的環流(liu)，但由于此(ci)模式類似(si)單機運(yun)行模式，帶載(zai)能力相對(dui)差(cha)且不易擴(kuo)容(rong)。

5供電系(xi)統應具(ju)備智能性

為(wei)了保證供電系統(tong)能(neng)長(chang)期不間斷運行，UPS必(bi)須具(ju)有智能(neng)性，對運行中的UPS狀態自動(dong)(dong)檢測(ce)，對UPS故障及時發現。診斷和(he)處理，并減少因(yin)故障或檢修而造成的間斷，同時，作(zuo)為(wei)通信機房動(dong)(dong)力(li)系統(tong)的一(yi)部(bu)分，應提供通信協議(yi)，以(yi)便納(na)入動(dong)(dong)力(li)集中監控網絡內。因(yin)此，在系統(tong)設計時，我們應考慮到這些因(yin)素。一(yi)般(ban)來說，作(zuo)為(wei)智能(neng)性的UPS應具(ju)備下(xia)列功能(neng)：

(1)實時(shi)監(jian)測功能。監(jian)視電路中各部(bu)分狀態，隨時(shi)獲取主機工(gong)作時(shi)的有關參數。

(2)人機交互功(gong)能。可按實際運(yun)行(xing)情況，通(tong)過程序(xu)修改，重新設置UPS內部的各種臨界工作(zuo)點閥(fa)值，也可讀取(qu)UPS電源(yuan)各種工作(zuo)參數。

(3)故(gu)障診(zhen)斷功(gong)能。對監測到的不(bu)正常參數及時分析，及早發現故(gu)障苗頭，顯示(shi)其(qi)性質、部位(wei)，給(gei)出處理方法(fa)，并自動記錄(lu)有關信息。

(4)遠(yuan)程監(jian)控功能。提供一個遠(yuan)程計算機接口(kou)(kou)，能通(tong)過RS232或(huo)RS485接口(kou)(kou)經調制解調器實現與異地計算機終端通(tong)訊，達到遙測和遙信的(de)目(mu)的(de)。

6結束語

在設(she)(she)計(ji)通信(xin)機房UPS供電系(xi)(xi)統時，我們既要(yao)節省投資，又要(yao)考慮系(xi)(xi)統的可靠性、靈活(huo)性，為(wei)通信(xin)設(she)(she)備及計(ji)算機負載提供有效的動力保障。

開關，以便于今后擴容。

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